🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient village
Surame Outlier Hillforts
Kebbi Empire (15th–18th c.) · Kebbi / Zamfarawa
Chain of 4 hilltop outlier forts with 1.5 km walls each protecting Surame fields.
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46 places in the atlas.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient village
Kebbi Empire (15th–18th c.) · Kebbi / Zamfarawa
Chain of 4 hilltop outlier forts with 1.5 km walls each protecting Surame fields.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient village
Hausa hill tradition (c. 1200–1900 CE) · Hausa (Katsina frontier villages)
Sandstone ridge fort village with Holocene rock gongs (cupules ringing when struck) and Hausa rubble forts against bandits, near Katsina corridor.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient village
Kanem-Bornu to Kano (13th–18th c.) · Kanuri / Hausa
Paired frontier hills with 3 km refuge walls and indigo pits (50).