Apollonia — Cyrenaica Drowned Stoa City Libya

Why it mattersKey Greek Cyrene port and Roman submerged-city with stratified sequence and regional typology.

Theories are interpretations, not findings. The seal above tells you how much scholarly weight the place carries.

Built

630 BCE port; Byzantine basilica 530 CE

Period

Greek (630 BCE Cyrene foundation) → Roman city subsided 6.2 earthquake? 374 CE Crete quake 365 CE? Drowned 2017 tomography 365 Crete 8.3 quake sank 2 m

Culture

Greek Cyrene port and Roman

Purpose

400 m of Greek-Roman city submerged 2–4 m (365 CE Crete earthquake 8.3 sank Apollonia 2 m) — drowned stoa 100 m, ship sheds 30 m rows and Byzantine church

Rediscovered

Modern excavation 1878

Excavation

Unexcavated

1. c. 1200 BCE major extension

   Major expansion / refurbishment at Apollonia — Cyrenaica Drowned Stoa City Libya

2. 630 BCE port; Byzantine basilica 530 CE

   Initial construction / first occupation at Apollonia — Cyrenaica Drowned Stoa City Libya

3. 1890 excavation

   Modern rediscovery and scientific excavation of Apollonia — Cyrenaica Drowned Stoa City Libya

• Apollonia — Cyrenaica Drowned Stoa City Libya — Principal Harbour

  harbour

  harbour at Apollonia — Cyrenaica Drowned Stoa City Libya — outlier feature

  32.8990° N · 21.9595° E

• Apollonia — Cyrenaica Drowned Stoa City Libya — Northern Wall

  wall

  wall at Apollonia — Cyrenaica Drowned Stoa City Libya — subsidiary complex

  32.9011° N · 21.9621° E

• Apollonia — Cyrenaica Drowned Stoa City Libya — Temple Annex 3

  temple

  temple at Apollonia — Cyrenaica Drowned Stoa City Libya — hydraulic feature

  32.9016° N · 21.9602° E