Baror
Barore
Pre-Harappan (Hakra) to Harappan (c.3500–1900 BCE)·Hakra–Harappan·🇮🇳 Rajasthan, Sri Ganganagar District, right bank of ancient Saraswati (Ghaggar), India
About
About Baror
Hakra–Harappan mound 200×150 m, 11 m high, 13 km northeast of Anupgarh on Saraswati, discovered 1916–17 by L.P. Tessitori and excavated 2000s by ASI. Hakra, Early and Mature Harappan deposits show mudbrick houses, shell bangles and Ahar-related ceramics, extending Saraswati settlement chain from Kalibangan to Ganganagar border near Pakistan frontier.
Why it mattersHakra–Harappan continuity on Saraswati linking Kalibangan–Cholistan settlement chain.
Open questions
Mysteries & theories
Mysteries
- 01Hakra–Harappan continuity vs Hakra break at Baror?
- 02Ghaggar flow chronology vs desertification
Theories
- 01Saraswati settlement-chain model linking Hakra to Mature Harappan urbanism
Theories are interpretations, not findings. The seal above tells you how much scholarly weight the place carries.
History
How it came to be
- Built
- c.3500 BCE
- Period
- Pre-Harappan (Hakra) to Harappan (c.3500–1900 BCE)
- Culture
- Hakra–Harappan
- Builders
- Hakra farmers → Harappan townspeople
- Purpose
- Saraswati riverine node linking Sindh to Punjab
- Abandoned
- c.1900 BCE
- Excavation
- Partially excavated
c.3500 BCE
Initial construction
c. 1241 CE
Abandonment
On the ground
Structures & features
29.1619° N · 73.3394° E · 180 m · 2 mapped features
Hakra lower levels
settlementEarliest Hakra ware and pit structures at mound base
29.1622° N · 73.3392° EHarappan upper town grid
settlementMature Harappan mudbrick houses and drains
29.1616° N · 73.3396° E