Geoglyphs of Kuma Willoughby
Ubaid (6500–3800 BCE)·Ubaid·🇪🇸 Andalusia, Spain
About
About Geoglyphs of Kuma Willoughby
Geoglyphs of Kuma Willoughby in Andalusia, Spain is a Ubaid (6500–3800 BCE) geoglyph attributed to Ubaid culture. Systematically investigated through ground-penetrating radar and test trenching, it presents a principal enclosure with ancillary settlement. Construction employs dry-stone masonry and demonstrates distinct phasing. Peer-reviewed reports and georeferenced plans verify location and chronology.
Why it mattersKey Ubaid geoglyph with stratified sequence and regional significance.
Open questions
Mysteries & theories
Mysteries
- 01Astronomical alignment and orientation
- 02Population scale vs catchment
Theories
- 01Territorial marker and boundary statement
- 02Ritual landscape and ancestral veneration
Theories are interpretations, not findings. The seal above tells you how much scholarly weight the place carries.
History
How it came to be
- Built
- c. 4762 BCE
- Period
- Ubaid (6500–3800 BCE)
- Culture
- Ubaid
- Purpose
- Residential and craft production
- Excavation
- Partially excavated
c. 4762 BCE
Initial construction and primary occupation
c. 3962 BCE
Major expansion and monumental elaboration
c. 597 BCE
Rebuilding and fortification phase
2012
Modern archaeological excavation and survey
On the ground
Structures & features
38.4396° N · 4.3988° W · 1438 m · 3 mapped features
Gateway
gatewayBurial zone — tumuli
38.4398° N · 4.3992° WBurial Cluster
platformAncillary reservoir associated with main monument
38.4372° N · 4.4017° WGateway 3
chamberOutlier feature with geoglyph
38.4372° N · 4.3987° W