Jhusi (Pratishthana)
Jhusi Mound · Pratishthana · Jhunsi
Neolithic I (7000–4000) → Chalcolithic II (2500–1200) → NBPW III (600 BCE–300 CE) → Gupta IV·Vindhyan–Gangetic Neolithic → Gangetic Chalcolithic → Kuru-Panchala NBPW·🇮🇳 Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj District, east bank of Ganga opposite Triveni Sangam (Allahabad), Jhusi quarter, India
About
About Jhusi (Pratishthana)
Massive Neolithic–Early Historic mound (c.7000 BCE–1200 CE) on the Ganga's east bank opposite Prayagraj Sangam — 4 ha mound with 16 m cultural deposit excavated 1995–2003 by Allahabad University (G.R. Sharma, V.D. Misra). Jhusi Period I yields the earliest Neolithic ceramics in the Allahabad Doab (handmade cord-marked ware, microliths) with C14 7000 BCE, followed by Chalcolithic (Black-and-red ware) and NBPW city Pratishthana. The Sangam confluence site documents continuous Ganga–Yamuna doab settlement from forager-Neolithic to Gupta, with iron and coin horizons.
Why it mattersDeepest Ganga doab sequence — earliest Neolithic at Allahabad Doab; sacred Sangam confluence archaeology linking Vindhyan Neolithic to Mauryan–Gupta sacred geography.
Open questions
Mysteries & theories
Mysteries
- 01Is 7000 BCE Neolithic directly linked to Vindhyan Adamgarh?
- 02Was Pratishthana among Kuru-Panchala janapadas?
Theories
- 01Sangam as prehistoric ford sacred before Aryan; Ganga levee agriculture model
Theories are interpretations, not findings. The seal above tells you how much scholarly weight the place carries.
History
How it came to be
- Built
- c.7000 BCE Neolithic I; urban Pratishthana 600 BCE
- Period
- Neolithic I (7000–4000) → Chalcolithic II (2500–1200) → NBPW III (600 BCE–300 CE) → Gupta IV
- Culture
- Vindhyan–Gangetic Neolithic → Gangetic Chalcolithic → Kuru-Panchala NBPW
- Builders
- Vindhyan foragers → Gangetic urbanists (Chandra dynasty Pratishthana)
- Purpose
- Confluence sacred town and riverine trade port at Sangam
- Abandoned
- c.1200 CE (Ghaznavid raids)
- Rediscovered
- 1995–2003 Allahabad University excavation
- Excavation
- Partially excavated
c.7000–4000 BCE
Period I Neolithic: cord ware, microliths, earliest Allahabad Neolithic
c.600 BCE–300 CE
NBPW walled city Pratishthana — Chandra dynasty capital at Sangam
1995–2003
Misra et al. 16 m stratigraphy published
On the ground
Structures & features
25.4300° N · 81.9200° E · 95 m · 2 mapped features
Jhusi main mound summit
settlement16 m Neolithic–NBPW sequence at Sangam east bank
25.4305° N · 81.9205° ENBPW fortification trace
wallNBPW brick wall patches at mound periphery
25.4295° N · 81.9195° E