🇹🇷 Turkey · Fortress
Meydancıkkale (Kirshu)
Iron Age to Hellenistic (c.800–100 BCE) · Neo-Assyrian → Neo-Babylonian → Achaemenid
Babylonian-Persian mountain fortress Kirshu on Taurus spur with palace terraces and 30 m tunnel.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Kalaly-Gyr 1
Achaemenid–Kangju–Khorezmian 500 BCE–200 CE · Khorezmian (Chorasmian) Kalaly phase (Achaemenid frontier)
Khorezmian–Kangju frontier fortress (c.5–4 c. BCE, Achaemenid period) in the southern Kyzylkum at Kalaly-Gyr, Karakalpakstan — large rectangular fort 500×350 m with 12 bastions, associated with…
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Pasargadae
Achaemenid (559–530 BCE construction; occupied to Seleucid era) · Achaemenid Persian
Earliest Achaemenid capital built by Cyrus the Great (559–530 BCE) on victory site over Medes.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Persepolis
Achaemenid · Persian Achaemenid
Ceremonial capital of Achaemenid Empire (515–330 BCE) with Apadana, Throne Hall, Treasury on terrace with relief of tribute bearers. Burned by Alexander 330 BCE, preserved by burial.