🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Courtyard House Complex East — Delta (Mansoura)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Medieval
Courtyard House Complex East in Delta, Egypt is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) buried city attributed to Medieval culture.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Buried city
Tikal Twin Pyramid — Yucatán (Merida)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Local Neolithic
Tikal Twin Pyramid in Yucatán, Mexico is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) buried city attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Buried city
Tiwanaku Stela Field — Yucatán (Merida)
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Local Neolithic
Tiwanaku Stela Field in Yucatán, Mexico is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) buried city attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Larsa
Early Dynastic to Old Babylonian · Sumerian/Amorite Larsa dynasty
Sumerian city-state that dominated southern Mesopotamia under King Rim-Sin (1822–1763 BCE) controlling 10–15 cities before Hammurapi annexed it, making Babylon supreme.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Buried city
Altar Platform West
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age
Altar Platform West in Jordan Valley, Jordan is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) buried city attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Buried city
Hearths Layer North — Konya Plain (Konya)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Iron Age
Hearths Layer North in Konya Plain, Turkey is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) buried city attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Ancient city
Gonur Tepe
BMAC / Oxus Civilization 2500–1500 BCE (peak 2300–1700 BCE) · Bactria-Margiana / Oxus / Indo-Iranian
Fortified Bronze Age capital (2500–1500 BCE) of Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC, Oxus Civilization) in Murghab delta, discovered by Viktor Sarianidi 1972.
🇸🇳 Senegal · Buried city
Mapungubwe Hill Annex — Burr (Dakar)
Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) · Classical
Mapungubwe Hill Annex in Burr, Senegal is a Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) buried city attributed to Classical culture.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Buried city
Lindenmeier Paleo Site — Altiplano (La Paz)
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Iron Age
Lindenmeier Paleo Site in Altiplano, Bolivia is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) buried city attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Buried city
Watson Brake Mound — Veracruz (Veracruz)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Bronze Age
Watson Brake Mound in Veracruz, Mexico is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) buried city attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Buried city
Harlaa Urban Mound East — Fezzan (Sebha)
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Medieval
Harlaa Urban Mound East in Fezzan, Libya is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) buried city attributed to Medieval culture.
🇦🇷 Argentina · Buried city
Wupatki Pueblo
Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) · Classical
Wupatki Pueblo in Pampas, Argentina is a Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) buried city attributed to Classical culture.
🇨🇳 China · Ancient city
Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City
Liangzhu Culture 3400–2250 BCE (county late Neolithic) · Liangzhu (proto-Chinese Yangtze)
Neolithic Liangzhu culture capital (3400–2250 BCE) on Yangtze, covering 14.3 ha walled city with 6.3 km rectilinear earthen walls, hydraulic system with three dams and 26 km artificial canals to…
🇧🇷 Brazil · Buried city
Poverty Point Ridge
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Iron Age
Poverty Point Ridge in Amazonas, Brazil is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) buried city attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Dholavira
Mature Harappan 2650–2100 BCE (with Early/Late phases 3500–1800 BCE) · Indus Valley / Harappan
Harappan metropolis (2650–2100 BCE) on Khadir island in Great Rann of Kutch, the fifth largest Harappan site covering 100 ha with citadel, middle and lower towns and monumental water management.
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Buried city
Sidon — Buried College Site
Early Bronze to Iron (3000–500 BCE) · Canaanite/Phoenician
Sidon — Buried College Site in South Governorate, Phoenician coast, Lebanon is a Early Bronze to Iron (3000–500 BCE) buried city attributed to Canaanite/Phoenician culture.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient village
Mehrgarh
Neolithic to Early Bronze Age 7000–2600 BCE (Mehrgarh Periods I-VIII) · Pre-Harappan / Neolithic Balochistan
Neolithic-Bronze Age farming village and cemetery on Kachi Plain at foot of Bolan Pass, occupied 7000–2600 BCE with mud-brick houses, granaries and early dentistry evidence.
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Ancient city
Parthian Fortresses of Nisa
Parthian Arsacid 3rd c BCE–3rd c CE (peak 1st c BCE–1st c CE) · Parthian / Arsacid
Parthian ceremonial and administrative capital (3rd c BCE–3rd c CE) of two tells: Old Nisa (Mithridatkert fortress 14 ha with 43 towers, wine rhytons and ivory rhytons inscribed Arsacid) and New Nisa…
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Isin
Isin-Larsa to Old Babylonian · Sumerian-Akkadian (Isin dynasty)
Capital of Isin dynasty (2017–1794 BCE) after fall of Ur III, whose kings (Ishbi-Erra, Lipit-Ishtar with famous law code predating Hammurapi by ~150 years) tried to restore Sumerian.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Taxila
Gandhara 6th c BCE–5th c CE (Achaemenid to late Kushan) · Gandharan / multi-empire (Persian, Greek, Buddhist)
Palimpsest city spanning Gandhara civilization 6th c BCE–5th c CE with three successive cities (Bhir Mound, Sirkap, Sirsukh) and Buddhist monastery complex Dharmarajika.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Fortress
Portchester Castle
Roman (285–400 CE) to medieval · Roman (Saxon Shore)
Portchester Castle in Hampshire, South Coast, United Kingdom is a Roman (285–400 CE) to medieval fortress attributed to Roman (Saxon Shore) culture.
🇨🇳 China · Ancient city
Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom (Ji'an)
Koguryo Kingdom 37 BCE–668 CE (Five Kingdoms period) – tombs 4th–7th c · Koguryo (proto-Korean in Manchuria)
Forty tombs of Koguryo Kingdom (37 BCE–668 CE) on Yalu, including General's Tomb (400 CE) – 31 m stepped pyramid of cut granite 12 layers recalling Mesoamerican form, and murals of lotus, hunting and…
🇮🇹 Italy · Buried city
Herculaneum
Roman · Roman
Roman seaside town buried under 20 m pyroclastic flow from Vesuvius 79 CE, preserving wooden furniture, upper storeys, frescoes and unique carbonized papyri scrolls (Villa of the Papyri, now being…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Underground city
Derinkuyu Underground City
Byzantine (with Hittite/Phrygian antecedents debated) · Byzantine Cappadocian / earlier Phrygian/Hittite use
Deepest excavated underground city in Cappadocia, connected to Kaymaklı and 200+ subterranean complexes via 8 km tunnel. Rolling stone doors 500 kg, ventilation shafts, chapels, wineries.