🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Ani
Bagratuni Armenian Kingdom · Armenian
Medieval Armenian capital (961–1045) at peak 100,000 inhabitants, Bagratuni palaces, Cathedral of Ani (1001), Tigran Honents church with frescoes, double city walls.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Petra
Nabataean to Roman (312 BCE–363 CE earthquake) · Nabataean / Arab
Nabataean caravan city (312 BCE–106 CE) carved into sandstone cliffs: Al-Khazneh Treasury, Theatre, Monastery Ad-Deir, Royal Tombs, and hydraulic system capturing desert flash floods.
🇺🇸 United States · Buried city
Cahokia Mounds
Emergent Mississippian to Stirling phase · Mississippian (Illinoian)
Largest Mississippian centre (650–1400 CE) with 120 mounds including Monks Mound (30 m, 1000x700 ft base, largest earthen platform north of Mexico).
🇲🇽 Mexico · Tell
Tepeticpac (Tlaxcala hill town)
Prehistoric · Regional Chalcolithic-EBA
Tepeticpac (Tlaxcala hill town) — buried prehistoric tell/village at Tlaxcala State.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Mohenjo-daro
Mature Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) · Indus Valley / Harappan
Largest city of Indus Valley Civilization (2500–1900 BCE) with grid plan, Great Bath (12x7 m citadel tank), granary, brick drains and standardized weights; script undeciphered. Abandoned c.1900 BCE.
🇮🇹 Italy · Buried city
Chambered Cairn Hill Buried 18 — Italy Region 6
Period Late Holocene · Regional culture Buried-Variant
Chambered Cairn Hill Buried 18 — Italy Region 6 in Italy Region 6, Italy is a Neolithic buried-city with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇮🇹 Italy · Buried city
Hydraulic Reservoir Buried 66 — Italy Region 6
Period Medieval · Regional culture Buried-Variant
Hydraulic Reservoir Buried 66 — Italy Region 6 in Italy Region 6, Italy is a Bronze Age buried-city with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇸🇾 Syria · Buried city
Hillfort Rampart Buried 19 — Syria Region 7
Period Bronze Age · Regional culture Buried-Variant
Hillfort Rampart Buried 19 — Syria Region 7 in Syria Region 7, Syria is a Bronze Age buried-city with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇮🇹 Italy · Buried city
Dolmen Avenue Buried 120 — Italy Region 12
Period Classical · Regional culture Buried-Variant
Dolmen Avenue Buried 120 — Italy Region 12 in Italy Region 12, Italy is a Neolithic buried-city with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇮🇹 Italy · Buried city
Tumulus Cemetery Buried 16 — Italy Region 4
Period Neolithic · Regional culture Buried-Variant
Tumulus Cemetery Buried 16 — Italy Region 4 in Italy Region 4, Italy is a Neolithic buried-city with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇮🇹 Italy · Buried city
Pyramid Outlier Buried 13 — Italy Region 1
Period Medieval · Regional culture Buried-Variant
Pyramid Outlier Buried 13 — Italy Region 1 in Italy Region 1, Italy is a Neolithic buried-city with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇸🇾 Syria · Buried city
Temple Terrace Buried 61 — Syria Region 1
Period Neolithic · Regional culture Buried-Variant
Temple Terrace Buried 61 — Syria Region 1 in Syria Region 1, Syria is a Bronze Age buried-city with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇵🇪 Peru · Buried city
Chan Chan — Tschudi Palace Nik An Audience Complex
Chimú (1200–1470 CE Chimu Empire; Tschudi palace 1400 CE last Nik An) · Chimú (Chan Chan 9 palaces 100k pop)
Chan Chan excavated by Bennett, Moseley, 1200–1470 Chimú 100k population 20 km².
🇹🇷 Turkey · Buried city
Earthwork Enclosure Buried 84 — Turkey Region 12
Period Classical · Regional culture Buried-Variant
Earthwork Enclosure Buried 84 — Turkey Region 12 in Turkey Region 12, Turkey is a Bronze Age buried-city with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇬🇷 Greece · Buried city
Akrotiri (Thera)
Middle to Late Minoan (LM IA) · Cycladic / Minoan
Minoan Cycladic town buried under pumice by Theran eruption c.1620–1530 BCE (S: 1600 BCE), preserving 3-storey buildings, drainage, vivid frescoes (Spring, Ship Procession) comparable to Pompeii.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Great Zimbabwe
Iron Age (Zimbabwe Period: Great Zimbabwe 1100–1450 CE) · Ancestral Shona (Karanga)
Capital of Kingdom of Zimbabwe (11th–15th c) with dry-stone walls up to 11 m (Great Enclosure) without mortar, Hill Complex and Valley Enclosures controlling Indian Ocean gold trade.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Harappa
Harappan (3300–1300 BCE; mature 2600–1900) · Indus Valley
Type-site of Harappan civilization, walled city on Ravi with citadel, granaries, bead workshops and early example of town planning succeeding pre-Harappan Ravi phase.