🇱🇾 Libya · Fortified city
Old Jarma — Medieval Citadel over Garama
Garamantian to Early Islamic (500 BCE–1500 CE layered) · Garamantian → Arab Jarma
Jarma excavated by Daniels, Islamic layered above Garamantian capital mound.
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2 places to sift through. Narrow by kind, country, period or how firmly each one is established — contested and pseudoarchaeological claims are labelled here, never hidden.
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortified city
Garamantian to Early Islamic (500 BCE–1500 CE layered) · Garamantian → Arab Jarma
Jarma excavated by Daniels, Islamic layered above Garamantian capital mound.
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortress
Greek Barca 560 BCE → Byzantine → Arab Barca medieval capital 640–1150 CE · Greek Barca → Arab Barqah capital of Cyrenaica Emirate 640 CE
Barca surveyed Goodchild, Barca Greek to Arab.