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The catalogue
11 places to sift through. Narrow by kind, country, period or how firmly each one is established — contested and pseudoarchaeological claims are labelled here, never hidden.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Late Bronze Age, Saryarka khirigsuur 1400-800 BCE · Andronovo to Deer Stone-Khirigsuur transitional
35 Bronze Age khirigsuurs (1400-800 BCE) on Saryarka steppe, westernmost Deer Stone-Khirigsuur province 1500 km west of Mongolia.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Early Saka Semirechye (590 BCE) — Besshatyr central row · Saka Semirechye (Issyk–Besshatyr eastern Saka)
72 m semi-royal central row mound 8 at 640 m: larch chamber 89 gold + burnt outer house, linking south/north dynasty rows.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Early to Middle Sarmatian (550–350 BCE) · Sauromatian to Sarmatian Kobda ridge (Uil–Khobda interfluve)
7 Sarmatian ridge kurgans 22–48 m linear 12 km crest: mirror bronze and gold child burial — winter pasture beacon.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Early Iron Age, Sarmato-Saka Caspian · Sarmato-Saka Caspian lowland
Sarmato-Saka royal kurgan (480 BCE) at -5 m Caspian depression with mudbrick vault and female elite griffin headdress, lowest kurgan globally.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Early Iron Age Tasmola 800-300 BCE · Tasmola Saka (western Saka)
Tasmola culture earthen kurgans (800-300 BCE) with 12-m dromoi catacombs, western Saka type-site at Karaganda.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Earthwork
Early Iron Age to Early Medieval · Sarmatian, Alan and early Turkic steppe groups
200 Ustyurt steppe kites (1000 BCE–500 CE) funneling saiga across the Aral–Caspian plateau.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Late Saka to Wusun transition (180–100 BCE) · Saka late–Wusun transition (Boralday south picket)
5 south picket kurgans 18–26 m spaced 90 m: boundary sentinels with Han silk 140 BCE earliest silk in Kazakhstan.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Early Iron Age (Early Saka, Tasmola, 9th–8th c BCE) · Tasmola early Saka (Central Kazakhstan)
Largest Tasmola mound (60 m, 820–780 BCE) with 430-gold elite couple — contemporary with Arzhan 1.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Early Iron Age (Saka, 600–400 BCE) · Saka of Semirechye (Issyk–Besshatyr, eastern Saka)
31-mound Saka royal necropolis (600–400 BCE) — Ili River's 'Five Tents' with 105-m royal mound and log house.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Early to Middle Sarmatian (Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian, 500–350 BCE) · Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian (Prokhorovka transitional)
40+ Sarmatian royal mounds (5th–4th c BCE) with 820-g gold torque and Amazon warrior — West Kazakh Ural steppe.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Early Iron Age (Early Saka, Tasmola culture, 8th–5th c BCE) · Tasmola (early Saka, Central Kazakhstan)
Tasmola royal dromos kurgan (760–520 BCE) 45 m — eponymous early Saka mound with 200 gold plaques.
