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🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Early Bronze to Early Saka, Afanasievo to Saka · Afanasievo to Early Saka Altai
Kalbak-Tash multi-period kurgan field (2800-600 BCE) of 22 cromlechs co-located with 500-panel rock-art gorge on Chuya River.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Neolithic to Iron Age · Kitoi, Serovo, Glazkovo, Kurumchin
Baikal white marble 20-m cliff with 70 anthropomorphs 6000–800 BCE and surviving red ochre, Okladnikov corpus.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Upper Palaeolithic (Gravettian to Magdalenian) · Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers (Eastern Gravettian / South Ural Epipalaeolithic)
Urals Palaeolithic painted cave with 195 mammoth-horse figures 36–14 ka, easternmost Old World cave art.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Neolithic to Iron Age · Isakovo, Serovo, Kitoi, Glazkovo, Kurumchin
Upper Lena 3.5-km sandstone pillars with 2000 Neolithic–Iron elk, boats and shaman-horses, Okladnikov's type site.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Neolithic to Turkic · Afanasievo, Andronovo, Scythian-Pazyryk, Turkic
Yaloman Chuya bluff 8 km north of Kalbak-Tash with 3000 petroglyphs, Afanasievo Deer Mother and tamga alley.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Early Bronze to Medieval (Okunevo to Tagar to Yeniseian Kyrgyz runic) · Okunevo, Andronovo, Karasuk, Tagar Scythian, Yenisei Kyrgyz
Yenisey Sayan Gorge 200 panels Okunevo masks to Tagar scythians 2800 BCE–700 CE, half drowned by Sayano dam.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Early Iron Age to Ethnographic (Palaeo-Eskimo to Evenki) · Taimyr hunter-gatherers (Pyasinsky culture) and Evenki
Arctic canyon at 70°N with 200 elk and ski-figure peckings, northernmost Eurasian rock art.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Iron Age to Medieval · Pazyryk-Scythian, Xiongnu, Turkic, Mongol
Kosh-Agach Chuya steppe 1750 m with 800 petroglyphs, Pazyryk deer-stone stag and 80-ibex super-panel.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Upper Palaeolithic to Medieval (18 ka BCE – 15th c. CE) · Upper Palaeolithic South Ural (Mal'ta-related) with Mesolithic and Iron Age ritual visitors
South Ural ice cave with Venus-mammoth charcoal paintings 14 ka and red dot calendar.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Neolithic to Early Medieval (6000 BCE – 800 CE) · Neolithic Altai, Afanasievo, Okunev, Karasuk, Pazyryk, Kok-Pash, Turkic Khaganate
Chuysky gorge 5,000-image palimpsest 6 ka BCE to Turkic across Katun-Chuya confluence.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Neolithic to Turkic Khaganate · Afanasievo, Okunev, Andronovo, Saka-Pazyryk, Turkic
North bank Yaloman terrace 1.8 km upstream of main Kalbak-Tash with elk-boat panels.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Bronze Age to Turkic · Afanasievo, Andronovo, Pazyryk, Ancient Turk
Promontory at sacred Chuya-Katun confluence with ford-inscription and sun-wheel.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Neolithic to Turkic to Historic (3000 BCE – 1900 CE) · Afanasievo to Karakol to Turkic to Russian surveyors
Confluence outcrops with elk and runic at sacred Two Rivers junction.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Bronze Age to Early Medieval · Andronovo, Saka, Turkic
Central Yaloman terrace 200 m above Chuya at 723 km tract, a 40-m-wide sandstone cliff with 180 peckings of Kalgutinsky elk, Saka deer-masks and Turkic horsemen.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Bronze Age to Early Iron (2000 BCE – 500 BCE) · Karasuk to Pazyryk
River-level terrace with sun disks and yak riders opposite main cliffs.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Bronze Age to Early Medieval · Andronovo, Saka, Turkic
South-facing Yaloman cliff 5 km west of Kalbak-Tash main, with Andronovo two-spoked chariots and 12 Turkic tamga slabs overlaying earlier elk.
