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🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Kofun Late Asuka 7th–8th c CE · Asuka court elite — naturalistic procession mural
Takamatsuzuka Tumulus Nara — 7th–8th c CE decorated kofun (stone chamber 2.65×1.0×1.13 m) on Asuka hill 500 m north Kitora, famous 1972 National Treasure discovery of Asuka court murals: west wall…
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Tagar (Scythian-type Early Iron Age) · Tagar
18 Tagar satellite kurgans (700–300 BCE) on Salbyk terrace — hierarchy around Great Salbyk mega-mound.
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Early Kofun 280–300 CE (Yayoi → Kofun) · Yamato early Kofun (Makimuku–Hashihaka)
Hashihaka Kofun — first large keyhole-shaped kofun (zenpō-kōen-fun, c.280–300 CE) 280 m long, 30 m high on Makimuku plain Sakurai, excavated 1970s–2000s Shiraishi.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Early Saka (Tiglaxaus vs Saka Tigraxauda) · Saka (Saka Tigraxauda) royal
Besshatyr south row: 6 royal kurgans (52–78 m) 500 m south of northern royal row, Altyn-Emel.
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Kofun Middle 4th–6th c CE (Yamato middle) · Mid-Kofun Yamato — Saki royal cemetery north Heijo
Saki Tatanami Kofun Cluster — massive 4th–6th c CE Kofun cemetery (7 km long, 120+ mounds) at Saki–Tatanami hills 4 km north Heijo Palace, northern Nara basin edge, surveyed 1970s–90s by Nara…
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Early Saka Tigraxauda peak · Saka Tigraxauda royal
Boralday Royal 15: 92-m triple-circle Saka mound with 180 gold appliqués, park core.
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Middle Kofun 5th c CE (Yamato apex) · Yamato middle Kofun (Mozu group)
Daisenryo Kofun — largest kofun in Japan (486 m long, 35 m high) and one of world's largest tombs (equal Great Pyramid footprint), built mid 5th c CE (c.425–475) for Emperor Nintoku per tradition, on…
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Early Saka to Wusun Transition · Saka–Wusun
Zhetytobe south: 6 adobe-ring Saka kurgans 3 km south of Seven Hills core, Turkestan Ridge.
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Kofun Middle–Late 350–550 CE (Northern Kyushu–Genkai) · Northern Kyushu Kofun (Genkai–Itoshima)
Genkai coast 55 m keyhole (350–550 CE) at Iwakura hill Fukuoka — corridor with Sue ware, iron armor and haniwa house model bridging Yayoi to Yamato.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Middle Sarmatian · Sarmatian frontier
Kyzyl-Tobe north outpost: 18-m isolated kurgan with rampart overlooking Uil River ford.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Early Saka (Saka Tigraxauda) · Saka Tigraxauda (Almaty Saka)
Boralday west: 7 Saka mounds 45–72 m extending park 4 km toward Almaty plain.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Middle to Late Sarmatian · Late Sarmatian
Karaoba west: 7 chalk-marl kurgans extending field N-S 1.8 km toward Caspian lowland.
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Yayoi late 3rd c → Kofun 4th–6th c CE · Yayoi–Kofun transition — Suo Bay Kitakyushu
Ushivika Kofun Cluster — late Yayoi to Kofun burial cluster (3rd–6th c CE, 11 mounds) on Suo Bay terrace at Kanda, north Kyushu, surveyed 1970s–90s.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Early Saka Tasmola (6th–5th c. BCE) · Tasmola culture
Besoba terrace satellite: 32-m Tasmola kurgan 340 m south of steppe pyramid mausoleum, Karaganda.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Tasmola Early Saka (5th c. BCE) · Tasmola
Taldy-2 satellite: 24-m Tasmola maiden kurgan 800 m south of royal Arystan, Karaganda steppe.
🇫🇷 France · Megalith
Early Neolithic · Atlantic Breton / Loire Neolithic (Castellic / Chasséen contact)
Double passage tumulus near Saint-Nazaire — two parallel graves (11 m and 9 m) under one 28 m mound, c.4300 BCE.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Early Sarmatian (Sauromatian) · Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian
Syntas west: 9 Sarmatian kurgans on Aktobe ridge crest with deer-stone stelae.
🇩🇪 Germany · Megalith
Early Iron Age (Hallstatt La Tène A) · Early Celtic (Hallstatt/Latenian) — Glauberg horizon
Early Celtic princely oppidum with 350 m avenue, statue-menhir of leaf-crowned warrior and 50 m gold-burial mound, c.450 BCE.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Archaeological wonder
Early Phrygian Iron Age (~1200–700 BCE; Midas tumulus ~740 BCE) · Phrygian (Balkan–Anatolian)
Phrygian capital at the Sangarius bend where Rodney Young's Penn excavations revealed a burnt 800 BCE citadel with polished pebble mosaics – the oldest known – and the great Tumulus MM: 53-m high and…
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Tasmola to Sarmatian Transition · Tasmola → Sarmatian
Korgantas east: 28-m Tasmola–Sarmatian transitional kurgan 3 km east of type site, Karaganda.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Megalith
Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age (~4000–3000 BCE) · Sinai pastoralist (Nawamis culture, Timnian)
Fields of roughly 100 dry-stone beehive tombs 2–5 m diameter on the high Sinai plateau between Ein Khudra and Wadi Watir, each a corbelled cairn with single entrance facing west.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Megalith
Late Bronze Age (~1400–700 BCE) · Khirigsuur culture (Mongolian pastoralist)
Mounded circular stone platforms 2–20 m diameter surrounded by rectangular or polygonal enclosures with four cardinal knolls, often associated with deer stones and slab burials.
🇸🇪 Sweden · Tumulus
Vendel Period to Early Middle Ages (c.500–1150 CE) · Vendel Period Scandinavia / Early Swedish Kingdom
Magnate complex with three monumental Vendel Period royal burial mounds (Östhögen, Mellanhögen, Västhögen, 50–75 m diameter, 8–11 m high, c.550–600 CE), Thing mound and a 12th-century church on the…
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Early Woodland, Adena culture 1000 BCE–1 CE (peak 250–150 BCE) · Adena
Largest conical burial mound in North America (62 ft/19 m high, 240 ft/73 m diameter, 60,000 tons earth moved by basket) built by Adena peoples at Moundsville, WV.
