🇦🇲 Armenia · Ancient city
Erebuni Fortress
Urartian (782 BCE Argishti I) · Urartu
Domineering hill citadel (Arin Berd) whose cuneiform foundation stele says Argishti son of Menua built on empty land and brought 6,600 captives.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Fortress
Karmir Blur (Teishebaini)
Urartian (c.685–590 BCE Rusa II) · Urartu → post-Urartian Scythian
Huge fortress (300 × 200 m) with massive ashlar rampart, beer brewery vats, inscribed bronze shields, Teisheba tower and a lower town archive of cattle tribute.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Ancient city
Dvin — Ancient Capital of Armenia
Late Antiquity to Medieval (4th–13th century; peak 7th–10th) · Arsacid Armenia → Sasanian marzpan → Arab Dabil emirate → Bagratuni → Seljuk
100 ha medieval Silk Road capital — trilobed palace, glazed-market vault and ceramic aqueduct.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Temple complex
Temple of Garni and Garni Gorge Symphony
Classical Armenia Artaxiad–Arsacid (1st century CE; preceded by Bronze fortress) · Hellenistic–Roman Armenian (Artaxiad client kingdom under Neronic patronage)
Only standing Greco-Roman Ionic temple in post-Soviet Armenia (77 CE) over organ-pipe basalt gorge.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Temple complex
Echmiadzin Cathedral and Churches — Vagharshapat
Early Christian Armenian (301–650 CE) · Early Armenian Apostolic; Urartian–Hellenistic pagan predecessor
301 CE Gregory the Illuminator's cathedral over Tir temple — world's oldest state church, Hripsime 618 tetraconch.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Fortress
Horom Citadel
Late Bronze to medieval (c.1600 BCE – 1200 CE) · Trialeti–Van kingdom → Armenian medieval
65-ha hillfort on Gyumri–Yerevan highway with 13-m Cyclopean walls, Late Bronze chamber-tombs, Early Iron “Horom pottery” type site, Urartian re-occupation and Armenian 10th-century basilica.