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🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Old Kingdom early 4th Dynasty · Old Kingdom Egyptian (Memphite)
South bank companion wing (62 m) to Sadd el-Kafara Old Kingdom unfinished dam (2703 BCE): spillway side with mason marks.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Old Kingdom (2650–2200 BCE) · Old Kingdom Egyptian
Southern Pharaonic harbour of Ayn Sukhna — 75 m jetty at –1.5 m and 10 gallery caves with Khufu jars.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Early Old Kingdom (Djoser–Sneferu) · Old Kingdom Egyptians (Memphite)
World's oldest dam (2650 BCE)—110-m Old Kingdom embankment diverting Wadi Garawi floods.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Old Kingdom to Middle Kingdom (c.2650 – 1700 BCE) · Old Kingdom Egyptian (Snefru–Khufu–Khafra)
Old Kingdom world's oldest harbour 2650 BCE — paired Ayn Sukhna jetty 0.2–1 m submerged and Wadi al-Jarf galleries with Khufu boat caches.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Tell
Predynastic → Old Kingdom Delta-Sinai gateway (3500–2200 BCE) · Predynastic → Old Kingdom Delta-Sinai gateway (3500–2200 BCE)
Tell el-Murra in North Sinai / Eastern Delta, near Qantara East, Egypt is a Predynastic → Old Kingdom Delta-Sinai gateway (3500–2200 BCE) settlement attributed to Predynastic → Old Kingdom…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient village
Old Kingdom → First Intermediate → Middle Kingdom (2700–1800 BCE) · Old Kingdom → First Intermediate → Middle Kingdom (2700–1800 BCE)
Kom el-Hisn in Beheira Governorate, Western Delta, Khatatba, Egypt is a Old Kingdom → First Intermediate → Middle Kingdom (2700–1800 BCE) settlement attributed to Old Kingdom → First Intermediate →…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 3rd Dynasty, ~2645 BCE · Ancient Egyptian
Unfinished layer pyramid of Khaba at Zawiyet el-Aryan (c.2645 BCE), 84 m base, accretion-layer technique.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Old Kingdom · 4th Dynasty Egypt (Sneferu to Khufu horizon)
North wing 55 m of world's oldest large dam (Old Kingdom) breached during construction.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Early Dynastic to Late Antiquity (c.3100 BCE – 641 CE Arab conquest) · Egyptian (all periods), Persian, Greek, Roman
3100 BCE 'White Walls' capital covering 8 km – now invisible under fields except Ptah temple colossus.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock-cut
Old Kingdom to Middle Kingdom (2700–1800 BCE; peak 2300–2100 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian
El-Hawawish is the Old–Middle Kingdom cliff necropolis of Akhmim (Panopolis, 9th nome) on eastern desert edge, 800+ rock-cut tombs 3000–1800 BCE on 1.5 km wadi terrace.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 5th Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian
Southernmost major pyramid at Saqqara: 5th Dynasty Djedkare Isesi (c.2414–2375 BCE), 52.5 m high originally, now 24 m ruin with early Pyramid Texts tradition.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Old Kingdom, early 4th Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian
Egypt's northernmost royal pyramid, built c.2566–2558 BCE for Djedefre (Radjedef), eldest son of Khufu, on a plateau 8 km north of Giza overlooking Heliopolis.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient port
Old Kingdom 4th Dynasty (c. 2620–2500 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian (Old Kingdom)
Wadi al-Jarf on the Gulf of Suez is the world's oldest harbour, 4th Dynasty c. 2600 BCE, Khufu's Red Sea port for Sinai copper and turquoise expeditions.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Old Kingdom Early Dynastic–3rd Dynasty (2700 – 2600 BCE) · Egyptian Old Kingdom (Sneferu–Djoser period)
South wing of oldest masonry dam 2650 BCE 113 m long unfinished collapse in Wadi Garawi.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Old Kingdom, late 3rd – early 4th Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian
Collapsing transitional pyramid built by Sneferu (or Huni) at the mouth of the Fayum: first straight-sided true pyramid attempt, originally seven steps encased to form 92 m true pyramid; outer casing…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 4th Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian
Only surviving Wonder of Ancient World: 146.6 m limestone pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), 2580–2560 BCE, 2.3 million blocks, internal King's Chamber with relieving chambers and ascending/descending…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 4th Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian
Second largest Giza pyramid, built for Khafre, retaining Tura limestone casing at apex, with associated Sphinx, valley temple and causeway.
