🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Kallanai Grand Anicut
Sangam Period, Early Historic to Colonial · Tamil Chola (Sangam)
2nd century Chola granite anicut (329 m, 150 CE) on Kaveri River, oldest functional dam in world irrigating one million acres.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Dholavira Reservoirs — Harappan Urban Hydraulics
Harappan (Early to Late Harappan 3000–1800 BCE) · Harappan (Indus Valley Civilization Kotada Timba)
Harappan desert city 16 rock-cut reservoirs and dam-fed canals 3000–1800 BCE on Kutch island.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Kanheri Caves — Northern Kanheri Secondary Group
Early Medieval Indian (Vakataka–Chalukya Buddhism) · Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhist monastic (Sopara branch)
Kanheri northern 11-cave rainy-season retreat 500–700 CE with chaitya and channel cisterns.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Kallanai North Channel — Grand Anicut Kaveri North Branch
Classical Sangam to Colonial · Early Chola, British colonial (Cotton)
Chola Karikalan 2nd CE north Kollidam regulators with 12 vents and 1804 Cotton arches, oldest working dam distributary.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Hampi Aqueduct and Tungabhadra Hydraulic System
Medieval Indian (Vijayanagara Empire) · Vijayanagara Hindu imperial (Telugu–Kannada)
Vijayanagara 5-km aqueduct with 19 tanks and stepped pushkarani feeding 500k city 14th–16th c.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Kaveripakkam Eri (Tank) — Pallava Hydraulic Reservoir
Medieval Tamil (Pallava–Chola) · Tamil Dravidian (Pallava and Chola imperial)
Pallava eri tank 2.1×1.4 km 740 CE still irrigating 295 ha via tumpu sluices, inscription-documented.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Kallanai Grand Anicut East Channel
Early Historic to Medieval · Early Chola, Medieval Chola, Vijayanagara
800-m-east Kallanai east channel with 9-sluice Chola regulator feeding east delta.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Kallanai Kollidam North Sluice Extension
Early Historic to Chola Medieval · Chola (Early and Medieval)
95-m north Kollidam offtake with 12 dovetail sluice bays saving delta from avulsion.
🇮🇳 India · Rock art
Edakkal Caves
Neolithic to Iron Age (~6000 BCE – 1000 BCE; inscriptions to 1st century CE) · South Indian Neolithic to Iron Age; Sangam to Tamil-Brahmi
Natural cleft formed by a 4-m boulder bridging a rift in Ambukuthimala hill reveals Old Kannada petroglyphs: over 400 engravings of ibex-like 'Indus-style' jar, stickmen, Sun Plan wheels and a…
🇮🇳 India · Archaeological wonder
Rakhigarhi Indus Mega-City
Pre-Harappan to Mature Harappan to Late (~6500–1900 BCE; urban peak 2600–1900 BCE) · Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan, Hakra–Ghaggar)
Spread across seven mounds over 550 ha, Rakhigarhi surpasses Mohenjo-daro as the largest Harappan settlement, straddling the dried Ghaggar (Saraswati) river.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Meenakshi Amman Temple
Early Pandya origins 6th c., current Nayak 1623–1655 CE · Hindu (Shavite-Shakti) under Nayak kingdom of Madurai
Sprawling Nayak temple-city with 14 colourful gopurams and musical stone pillars.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Sanchi Stupa Complex
Maurya to Gupta, 3rd c. BCE–5th c. CE, Great Stupa Ashoka 260 BCE expanded 2nd c. BCE · Buddhist (Maurya, Shunga, Satavahana, Gupta)
Ashokan hemispherical stupa with four sculpted torana gateways - genesis of Buddhist architecture.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Brihadeeswarar Temple, Thanjavur
Chola 1003–1010 CE · Hindu (Shaiva, Tamil Chola)
Chola granite imperial vimana 66 m still tallest pre-modern; capstone ramp mystery.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Kallanai South Sluice — Grand Anicut Vennar Distributary Head
Chola Early historic to Medieval (100 – 1030 CE) · Tamil Chola hydraulic statecraft
South Vennar regulator of 2nd-c Chola anicut with Rajendra I inscriptions 1012 CE.
🇮🇳 India · Submerged site
Dwarka (Bet Dwarka & Gulf of Khambhat)
Late Harappan to Historical (maybe 1500 BCE onward; claimed 3500 BCE) · Harappan(?) / Historical Hindu
Ancient sacred city of Krishna described in Mahabharata, being searched offshore Bet Dwarka and Gulf of Khambhat.