🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Pataleshwar Cave Temple, Pune
Early Medieval (Rashtrakuta) · Rashtrakuta Shaivite Brahminical (Kannarid influence)
Urban Deccan basalt 8th-c Shiva quarry-temple 40×28 m with circular Nandi mandapa, unfinished Rashtrakuta.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Sonari
Mauryan 3rd c BCE → Sunga 2nd c BCE → Gupta 5th c · Mauryan Buddhist sangha → Sunga
Sanchi mandala outlier 10 km SW — 8 stupas (Stupa 2 relic casket, Brahmi) on Betwa ridge.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Udayagiri Caves
Gupta Classical (Chandragupta II to Kumaragupta) 320–550 CE · Gupta
Gupta’s open-air bible — 20 sandstone caves with Varaha (402 CE) and Durga, Chandragupta II's inscriptions on Udayagiri Hill.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Kaveripakkam Eri (Tank) — Pallava Hydraulic Reservoir
Medieval Tamil (Pallava–Chola) · Tamil Dravidian (Pallava and Chola imperial)
Pallava eri tank 2.1×1.4 km 740 CE still irrigating 295 ha via tumpu sluices, inscription-documented.
🇮🇳 India · Tell
Nagda
Malwa Chalcolithic 1700–1400 BCE → Avanti Early Historic 700–500 BCE · Malwa Chalcolithic → Avanti (Ujjain) Early Historical
Malwa hillock at Nagda Junction — Banerjee/B.B. Lal's Malwa type (round huts, buff ware, 1.6 km NW of station).
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Balathal
Chalcolithic Ahar-Banas 3000–1500 BCE → Early Historic 500 BCE–300 CE · Ahar-Banas Chalcolithic → Northern Black Polished Ware Historic
Key Ahar-Banas Chalcolithic village-town (c.3000–1500 BCE) near Vallabhnagar northeast of Udaipur — under 2 ha mound with 7 seasons excavation 1993–2000 by V.N. Misra et al. (Deccan College).
🇮🇳 India · Archaeological wonder
Brahmagiri
South Indian Neolithic (2500–1000 BCE) → Megalithic Iron (1000–300) → Mauryan (260 BCE) → Satavahana · Southern Neolithic → Megalithic → Mauryan (Ashoka)
Southern Deccan Neolithic–Megalithic–Mauryan hill complex (c.2500 BCE–300 CE) at Brahmagiri granite dome near Molakalmuru, Chitradurga — 1 km outcrop with Neolithic ash-mound, Megalithic cists and…
🇮🇳 India · Submerged site
Poompuhar – Sangam Drowned Port of Kaveripumpattinam
Iron Age Sangam to Early Chola (c. 500 BCE – 500 CE) · Tamil Sangam / Early Chola
Sangam Chola drowned wharf 1.5 km at –2 to –4 m off Kaveri mouth – U-breakwater at –4 m.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Tripuri
Chalcolithic → NBPW 600 BCE → Gupta 350–550 CE → Kalachuri 850–1300 CE · Kalachuri-Chedi
Narmada capital Tripuri at Tewar — 16 m Chalcolithic to Kalachuri–Chedi temple city (Haihayas, 1042 inscr.).
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Kallur Chola Tank (Kallur Eri) – Thanjavur Outlier
Chola Middle (Rajaraja I) · Tamil Chola (Muvendar)
95-ha Chola eri tank (c.1010 CE) at Kallur — Brihadeeswarar temple hydraulic outlier.
🇮🇳 India · Archaeological wonder
Sanganakallu
Southern Neolithic 3000–1000 BCE (Periods I–III) → Megalithic · Southern Neolithic (Bellary) — earliest Deccan farming
Southern Neolithic type-complex (c.3000–1000 BCE) on the granite hillocks east of Bellary — Sanganakallu–Kupgal cluster (206 ha survey) excavated 1946 by B.
🇮🇳 India · Submerged site
Arikamedu – Indo-Roman Harbour of Podouke
Early Historic Iron Age to Medieval (c. 200 BCE – 1000 CE) · Tamil / Indo-Roman
Podouke silted brick quay 45 m at 1.5 m above former estuary – Rouletted ware warehouses.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Adam
Vidarbha Iron Age 800–300 BCE → Maurya 300–187 → Satavahana 187 BCE–220 CE → Vakataka 250–300 CE · Vidarbha megalithic–Iron (Black-and-red) → Satavahana
Vidarbha Iron Age iron-smelting town (800 BCE–300 CE) near Nagpur — earliest tuyere smelting and Indo-Roman rouletted ware with 22 coin hoards.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Dangwada
Chalcolithic Kayatha 2400–1700 → Malwa 1700–1500 BCE → Historic · Kayatha–Ahar–Malwa–Jorwe Chalcolithic sequence
Malwa Chalcolithic mega-village (2100–1500 BCE) south of Kayatha — 8 ha type assemblage of painted Malwa ware with 200 houses per phase.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Lahuradewa
Ceramic Neolithic IA (9000–7000) → Mesolithic-Neolithic IB–II (7000–3000) → Chalcolithic III (3000–1500 BCE) · Gangetic Ceramic Neolithic (Lahuradewa culture) → Sarayupar Chalcolithic
Earliest rice-cultivation site in South Asia (c.9000–2000 BCE) in the Sarayupar plain at Sant Kabir Nagar — 2.5 ha lakeside mound with 3.5 m deposit excavated 2001–06 by Rakesh Tewari (UP State…
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Kayatha
Chalcolithic Kayatha 2400–1700 BCE → Malwa 1700–1500 → Early Historic · Kayatha Chalcolithic → Ahar → Malwa → Sunga-Kushan-Gupta
Type-site of Malwa Kayatha Chalcolithic culture (2400–1700 BCE) on Choti Kali Sindh — earliest farming village in Malwa with five-period stratigraphy.
🇮🇳 India · Submerged site
Korkai – Early Pandyan Drowned Port, Tuticorin
Early Historic Sangam (c. 600 BCE – 1000 CE) · Early Pandyan / Sangam Tamil
Early Pandyan pearl harbour 8 km inland silted – beacon mound and salt-pan wharf under pasture.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Khairadih
Chalcolithic (2000–1300) → Black-slipped/Iron (1300–600 BCE) → NBPW–Gupta (600 BCE–600 CE) · Middle Ganga Narhan–Khairadih → NBPW–Buddhist Ganga
Middle Ganga Chalcolithic–Iron Age village (c.2000 BCE–600 CE) on the Ghaghara–Ganga doab at Khairadih near Buxar/Ballia — excavated 1981–83 by Birendra Pratap Singh (BHU Banaras).
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Satdhara
Mauryan 3rd c BCE → Sunga–Gupta 2nd c BCE–6th c CE · Mauryan → Sunga → Gupta
Sanchi's western gate — 60-stupa Halali cluster with 30 m Great Stupa and Sariputra relics (9 km W).
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Hallur
Southern Neolithic (2000–1200) → Iron overlap (1200–500 BCE) → Early Historic · Southern Neolithic → Deccan Megalithic–Iron
Southern Neolithic–Iron Age transitional town (c.2000 BCE–500 BCE) at Hallur on the Tungabhadra–Malaprabha interfluve near Haveri — excavated 1965–76 by M.S.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient technology
Vimāna – Ancient Flying Machine (Vaimanika Shastra)
Claimed Treta/Dvapara Yuga (mythic) vs actual 1918 channeling · Claimed Bharadvaja Vedic vs modern Theosophy-era pastiche
1918 Mysore 'channeled' Vaimanika Shastra — 32 mercury-vortex vimānas proved unflyable 1974 IISc review.
🇮🇳 India · Rock art
Adamgarh Rock Shelters
Mesolithic to Early Historic (8000 BCE – 1000 CE) · Mesolithic Narmada Hunter-Gatherers, Chalcolithic Malwa, Historic tribal (Gond)
Narmada quartzite 30 shelters with buffalo-hunt microlith art 8 ka–historic.
🇮🇳 India · Submerged site
Pattanam-Muziris – Roman Pepper Port, Kerala
Iron Age to Medieval (c. 1000 BCE – 1341 CE) · Chera / Indo-Roman
Roman pepper port brick wharf 100 m under 3 m silt at Pattanam – 8 m canoe at 4 km inland.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Kuchai
Neolithic (3000–1500) → Chalcolithic (1500–1000 BCE) · Eastern Neolithic (Chhotanagpur–Mayurbhanj)
Eastern India Neolithic–Chalcolithic type-site (c.3000–1000 BCE) at Kuchai, Mayurbhanj plateau — Neolithic ground-stone axe factory and village excavated 1972–78 by B.K. Thapar and D.K.