🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Bastam (Urartian Rusai-URU.TUR)
Urartian Late (c.685–590 BCE) · Urartian
Largest Urartian fortress (8 ha, 700 m enclosure wall, 3 km circuit) founded by Rusa II (c.685 BC) at Bastam near Qarah...
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Agrab Tepe
Urartian (8th–6th c. BCE; Argishti/Rusa) · Urartu
Small but classic Urartu hydraulic fortress damming a karstic spring valley NW of Khoy: cyclopean dam wall, rectangular fort, storage pithoi, Haldi-temple pebble mosaic, with red polish Urartu ware…
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Haftavan Tepe
Kura-Araxes to Iron III (c.3000–600 BCE) · Kura-Araxes → Urmia ware → Urartian
30-m high mound near Khoy: massive Kura-Araxes burnished black-burnished, Urmia orange painted ware, Mitanni green-glazed cylinder seals, Urartian pillar hall, Sasanian church.
🇮🇷 Iran · Fortress
Bastam Fortress
Urartian (c.685–645 BCE Rusa II) · Urartu (Kingdom of Van)
Largest Urartu fortress (100 × 300 m upper citadel, lower town 850 × 350 m) built by Rusa II, with tripartite tower, Haldi temple, pithoi storeroom (huge jars 1,500 L), and inscribed horse trappings…
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Geoy Tepe (Goy Tepe)
Hajji Firuz to Iron I (c.5000–900 BCE) · Hajji Firuz → Early Transcaucasian → Iron
Burton-Brown 1948 type-site near Rezaiyeh (Urmia) giving K-stage Geoy sequence: Gurney’s Parallels to Pisdeli ware: Hajji Firuz burnished, Geoy M painted orange-over-buff, and Hasanlu Grey ware…
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient village
Kul Tepe (Jolfa, near Araxes)
Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze I–II (5000–2800 BCE) · Dalma → Pisdeli → Kura-Araxes (Transcaucasian)
Araxes floodplain tell with Dalma–Kura-Araxes sequence linking Urmia to Transcaucasia.