🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Zilum (Chad Basin Proto-city)
Iron Age Sahel / Nok contemporary (550–350 BCE) · Gajiganna culture
12-ha 550 BCE Gajiganna proto-city with 5-m ditch and early Sahelian iron furnace.
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🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Iron Age Sahel / Nok contemporary (550–350 BCE) · Gajiganna culture
12-ha 550 BCE Gajiganna proto-city with 5-m ditch and early Sahelian iron furnace.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Mound
Iron Age to Kanem-Bornu · Chad Basin
Firki classic mound 5 m with cattle-trail causeways visible on SAR; compound enclosures vs kraals detected by magnetometry.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Mound
Iron Age to Historic Kanem · Chad Basin (Gajiganna → Kanem-Bornu)
7 m deep tell preserving 3000-year fishing-pastoralist sequence; fish bones, cord roulette ceramics and copper imports show trans-Saharan contact before Arab records.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient village
Chad Basin Late Stone Age · Gajiganna culture
Urn-field mound complex defining Gajiganna culture bridging Saharan and sub-Saharan pastoralism before Kanem.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient village
Neolithic to Late Iron (1800 BCE–1500 CE) · Hadjer Lamis / Kotoko ancestral
3-m 115×85 m stratified mound establishing Chad Basin Neolithic-to-Iron sequence 1800 BCE–1500 CE.