🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Toro Muerto Extended Geoglyph Field (La Caldera)
Middle Horizon to Late Intermediate · Wari / Chuquibamba
18 geometric and zoomorphic cleared geoglyphs (800–1200 CE) on La Caldera pampa south of Toro Muerto.
🇵🇪 Peru · Archaeological wonder
Chankillo Archaeoastronomical Complex
Early Horizon–Early Intermediate 250–200 BCE (Initial Late Chavín to Wari interstice, Casma-Sechín tradition) · Casma–Sechín / Pampas ( north-central desert, precedent to Moche for Casma valley, not Inca)
Oldest solar observatory in Americas (250–200 BCE): 13 evenly spaced 2–5 m towers on 300 m ridge crest marking annual solar horizon from two enclosed observation pavilions (western fortress hill and…
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Chaviña Pampa Geoglyphs (Lucanas, Ayacucho)
Early Intermediate (Huarpa–Early Wari) · Huarpa / Rancha–Huarpa transition
18+ high-puna (3,200 m) trapezoids and zoomorphs (200 BCE–600 CE) linking Nazca to Wari highlands.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Pampa de las Llamas — Moxeke Pyramid (Santa Valley)
Initial Period (Moxeke–Casma) · Moxeke / Casma (Initial Period)
Initial Period 1800 BCE twin pyramid city at Moxeke — 160×170 m 30 m pyramid facing Huaca A across plaza, largest Santa Valley centre contemporary with Sechín.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Huaca de la Luna Plaza — Moche
Early Intermediate, c.400-600 CE (Moche) · Andean (Moche)
Huaca de la Luna at foot of Cerro Blanco (Moche, 5 km south Trujillo): 35 m high ritual pyramid-platform with 5 superimposed construction phases (each entombing earlier with fill) decorated with…
🇵🇪 Peru · Buried city
Vilcabamba — Espíritu Pampa Vitcos Valley Submerged Sector (Concepción)
Late Horizon Neo-Inca (1539 – 1572 CE) · Neo-Inca State (Manco, Sayri, Titu Cusi, Tupac Amaru)
Last Inca capital valley floor — Espíritu Pampa Vilcabamba lowland terraces and causeway 0.5–1 m under floodplain jungle below Vitcos ridge.
🇵🇪 Peru · Fortress
Acaray Fortress
Late Intermediate – Late Horizon (c.900–1470 CE) Huaura – Chancay – Inca · Huaura – Chancay (Coastal)
Acaray (often misattributed as 'Inca fortress') crowns a tabular hill 6 km inland in the lower Huaura Valley, Lima, at 250 m.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Wari (Huari) Archaeological Complex
Middle Horizon 600–1000 CE (Huarpa antecedent 200 BCE–600 CE) · Wari (Huari, Middle Horizon Andean empire, Quechua predecessor, Ayacucho basin)
Capital of Wari Empire (600–1000 CE) – Andean first empire predating Inca by 400 years, 2,000 ha patchwork city with 7 m-high, 2 m-thick walled enclosures (Moraduchayuq, Vegachayuq Moqo),…
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Quebrada Santo Domingo Geoglyphs
Late Formative to Early Intermediate (Salinar–Recuay) · Salinar / Recuay (Pashash)
40+ Salinar–Recuay cleared-pavement geoglyphs (500 BCE–400 CE) on Santa Valley quebrada fans.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Chillón-Chancay Valley Geoglyphs
Early Horizon to Early Intermediate (Chavín / Lima) · Chavín-influenced central coast / Lima
Low pampa (420 m) between Río Chillón and Río Chancay, on the desert margin of Lima, with 20 hill-slope and pampa geoglyphs: 50-120 m linear avenues, 25 m double spiral, and 18-35 m anthropomorphs on…
🇵🇪 Peru · Archaeological wonder
Chavín de Huántar
Early Horizon / Formative 1200–500 BCE (Old Temple 1200–900, New Temple 750–500 BCE) · Chavín (Early Horizon Andean formative tradition, culmination of Kotosh-Urabarriu)
Andean Formative mother temple (1200–500 BCE) at 3,180 m near Cordillera Blanca with U-shaped Old Temple (1000×100 m) and New Temple Plaza, Lanzón monolith (4.53 m granite anthropomorphic feline with…
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Pativilca-Fortaleza Geoglyphs (Paramonga Pampa)
Initial Period to Late Intermediate (Casma-Sechín to Chimú) · Casma-Sechín / Paramonga / Chimú
Inter-valley pampa (380 m) between Río Pativilca and Río Fortaleza, 4 km east of Paramonga fortress, with 26 anthropogenic lines and trapezoids on pale alluvial terrace.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Chaviña Pampa South Sector Geoglyphs (Quebrada Chaviña Sur)
Nasca-Huari Transition to Middle Horizon · Huarpa–Wari (Lucanas)
Chaviña south pampa: 20 spiral/camelid figures on Lucanas ignimbrite fan at 3,280 m.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Chala Pampa Coastal Geoglyphs (Caravelí Coast)
Early Horizon to Early Intermediate (Paracas-Nazca transition) · Huarato / Gramalote coastal
Fog-oasis (lomas) fringe geoglyphs on Chala Pampa (180 m) 6 km inland from Pacific, marking guanaco trap corridors between lomas loma fog-meadows and desert.
🇵🇪 Peru · Archaeological wonder
Písac (Písaq)
Late Horizon Inca Imperial 1440–1530 CE (built under Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui) · Inca (Quechua, Late Horizon, Sacred Valley expansion)
Inca royal estate and agricultural terraces considered among finest Inca ashlar engineering beyond Machu Picchu: Intihuatana (Sun-hitching stone) solstice-gnomon ridge, Qalla Q'asa fortress on…
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Willkawaín (Wilkawain) — Wari-Rucu Pyramid Temple (Caleyón de Huaylas, Ancash, Peru)
Middle Horizon (600–800 CE), Recuay–Wari · Recuay (Pashash)–Wari (Huari)
Three-storey subterranean-tower pyramid-mausoleum (12 m high, 18x18 m square) of Recuay (Pashash) then Wari-Tiwanaku horizon (600–800 CE) in Callejón de Huaylas at 3400 m, built of dressed white…
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Pampa de Majes Geoglyphs
Middle Horizon to Late Intermediate Wari-Chuquibamba · Wari-influenced Majes valley
35+ broad trapezoidal geoglyphs (600-900 CE) on Pampa de Majes with 600-m highways converging on cairn huacas.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Huaca del Sol (Grand Moche Pyramid)
Early Intermediate Moche (100–800 CE, peak Moche III–IV 400–600 CE) · Moche (Mochica, north coast, Moche Valley capital)
Largest adobe structure in Americas: Huaca del Sol (Moche 100–800 CE, peak 400–600 CE) 342×159 m base, 41 m high preserved (original maybe 50 m) with four stepped platforms, built in ~140 million…
🇵🇪 Peru · Temple complex
Wari Willka
Early Intermediate – Middle Horizon (c.200 BCE–1000 CE) Wari – Wanka · Wari – Wanka
Wari Willka in Huari village 6 km south of Huancayo, Junín, is a Mantaro Valley Wari oracle temple at 3,250 m.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Marcahuasi
Wari–Late Intermediate–Inca · Wari–Ychsma with modern megalith folklore
Mythic paramo stone forest (4000 m) 8 km trek from San Pedro de Casta east of Lima, with 40 natural granite monoliths anthropomorphized (Monument of Humanity 25 m, Face of Man 8 m,...
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Piruru Pyramid-Temple (Huánuco — Lauricocha)
Late Preceramic to Initial Period (Kotosh tradition) · Kotosh / Lauricocha (highland)
High-altitude pyramidal temple at Piruru — 20 m stone platform pyramid c.2000 BCE at 3800 m, two temples, Kotosh tradition at Lauricocha.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Huaca de los Reyes — Main Pyramid of Caballo Muerto (Moche Valley, Peru)
Initial Period (1800–900 BCE), Early Horizon transition · Cupisnique-Caballo Muerto (Formative Andean)
Most elaborate Initial Period (1500–1200 BCE) platform pyramid (40x30 m base, U-shaped complex 55x35 m overall) within 2 km² Caballo Muerto field of eight mounds (Moche Valley).
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Punkurí — Adobera Temple Pyramid (Nepeña Valley, Ancash, Peru)
Initial Period / Early Horizon (1700–800 BCE) · Nepeña Formative / Cupisnique–Chavín
Early Formative coastal pyramid-mound (1700–1200 BCE) predating Chavín, now incongruously dominated by 30-m-high adobera (adobe-brick) knoll built over U-shaped temple.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Pañamarca — Moche Painted Pyramid (Nepeña Valley, Ancash, Peru)
Late Moche (500–850 CE), Early Intermediate to Middle Horizon · Moche (Mochica, Late Moche Nepeña polity)
Southernmost monumental Moche centre (550–800 CE, Late Moche) and largest Moche painted pyramid south of Pampa Grande — 20 m-high adobe pyramid (45x35 m platform) set on hill crown dominating Nepeña…