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🇧🇷 Brazil · Ancient city
Xinguano 800–1600 CE · Xinguano / Arawak
Cluster of 20+ pre-Columbian settlements in Xingu with causeways 50 m wide, plazas, reservoirs, showing dense urbanism (population 50k) in Amazon before 1492, built 800–1400 CE, described by Michael…
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Roman to Byzantine (1st BCE – 6th CE) · Roman / Greek
Verified – Roman maritime villa complex 1–2 m under Palaia Epidavros bay (Epidaurus sanctuary port). Villa maritima with mosaics, baths, fish tanks, moles 100 m at 1–2 m due to +1 m Roman rise.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock-cut
Late Period to Roman (600 BCE–300 CE) · Egyptian / Greco-Roman
Hermopolis necropolis with 1-million ibis catacombs and Petosiris fusion tomb.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
PPN to Ubaid (c.8500–4000 BCE; Neolithic floruit 8500–6600 BCE) · PPN → Pottery Neolithic → Halaf → Ubaid Rouj
Rouj basin triple mound (8500–4000 BCE) with aceramic PPN to Halaf-Ubaid sequence west of Idlib.
🇫🇷 France · Megalith
Middle to Late Neolithic · Armorican Neolithic
Over 3,000 standing stones in three major alignments (Ménec, Kermario, Kerlescan) extending 4 km, plus dolmens and tumuli. Earliest European megalithic region (Antiquity 2025).
GR · Ancient city
Archaic to Medieval (8th c. BCE – 12th c. CE port) · Corinthian / Roman / Byzantine
Corinth eastern harbour on Saronic Gulf — Tiberius mole and Isis glass warehouses now 3 m under Kechries bay, Diolkos terminus.
🇭🇳 Honduras · Ancient city
Classic to Postclassic (500–1500 CE, peak 1000–1400) · Unknown Mosquitia culture (possibly Pech/Cahut) linked to Mesoamerican sphere
Recently confirmed pre-Columbian urban complex in Mosquitia rainforest, revealed 2012 LiDAR, excavated 2015 with plazas, earthworks, ballcourt, caches of jaguar effigy vessels (500+ sculptures) dated…
🇱🇦 Laos · Megalith
Iron Age 500 BCE – 500 CE (some lids to 800 CE) · Unknown Austroasiatic? Ancestors of Lao-Tai
Megalithic landscape of >90 sites with >2,100 large carved sandstone jars (1–3 m tall, up to 14 t) scattered across Xiangkhouang plateau, carved 500 BCE–500 CE, associated with mortuary rites and…
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Megalith
Late Neolithic · Grooved Ware Orcadian
Major Late Neolithic walled enclosure (c.3200–2300 BCE) between Ring of Brodgar and Stenness, with monolithic structures including Structure 10 (25 m hall) with painted stone, tiled roof and imported…
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Early Helladic to Late Minoan · Minoan-influenced / Mycenaean
World's oldest known submerged town (c.3500–2800 BCE, occupation to 1000 BCE), submerged by earthquakes c.1000 BCE, with intact streets, two-storey houses, tombs, garden terraces off islet; never…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Late Roman to Mamluk (5th–14th c. CE) · Coptic Christian
Coptic hermitage complex (90 cells) with Church of Gabriel and wall paintings.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Cave
Initial Upper Palaeolithic to Epipalaeolithic (c.43,000–17,000 BP) · Early Ahmarian → Aurignacian (Levantine IUP)
Hatay sea cave (43 ka) — Initial Upper Palaeolithic Ahmarian with Nassarius beads.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Archaic to Late Roman (8th c. BCE – 7th c. CE) · Delian Greek / Cycladic
Verified – Delos sacred harbour between Delos and Rheneia channel 3 m subsided. Apollo sanctuary harbour 8th c. BCE Delian League treasury. Two moles 200 m at 2–3 m, warehouses.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Early Intermediate Period, Paracas to Nazca culture · Paracas / Nazca
Over 300 geometric and figurative geoglyphs etched by removing dark desert pavement to reveal light subsoil across 450 km² of arid Pampas, including 1.8 km hummingbird, monkey, spider, and trapezoids…
🇨🇱 Chile · Megalith
Rapa Nui Period 900–1500 CE; ahu construction 1000–1600 CE · Rapa Nui (Polynesian)
Remote Polynesian island 3,700 km west of Chile with nearly 900 basalt moai monoliths (up to 10 m, 86 t, one unfinished 270 t) carved 900–1500 CE at Rano Raraku tuff quarry and erected on stone ahu…
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Late Archaic / Norte Chico · Caral-Supe / Norte Chico
Oldest city in Americas and largest Late Archaic New World pyramids (c.2600 BCE) – six truncated earthen pyramids with sunken plazas, residential sectors and early quipu and flutes in Supe Valley,…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Late Period to Byzantine (6th c BCE – 8th c CE) · Egyptian / Greek
Legendary port of entry to Egypt before Alexandria, submerged after earthquake/liquefaction 6th–8th century CE, rediscovered 2000 by Franck Goddio (IEASM) with stele of Nectanebo I, temples of…
🇧🇷 Brazil · Geoglyph
Pre-Columbian 1–1500 CE · Acre / Xinguano tradition
Hundreds of large ditched enclosures (squares, circles, U-shapes) revealed since 1977 by deforestation, built by pre-Columbian Amazonian cultures using forest clearance, dated 1–1500 CE, associated…
🇯🇲 Jamaica · Submerged site
Early Modern (1518–1692) · English colonial / pirate
Infamous pirate capital of Caribbean ('Wickedest City in the World'), 2/3 slid into harbour by liquefaction in 1692 earthquake + tsunami, preserving 17th c storehouses under sediment - 'Pompeii of…
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Republican to Late Antique (140 BCE – 8th c CE) · Roman
Former luxury resort of Rome’s elite (Caesar, Nero, Hadrian) with imperial villa, submerged by bradyseism (volcanic uplift/subsidence) to 5–9 m, with mosaics, statues and pilings visible snorkelling.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Megalith
PPN A/B 9600–8000 BCE · Taş Tepeler PPN
Umbrella for 12 PPN hilltop sanctuaries (Karahan, Göbekli, Sayburç, Çakmaktepe, Sefer Tepe etc.) being excavated 2019-present, revealing 250+ T-pillars region-wide, reshaping Neolithisation model.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Megalith
Pre-Pottery Neolithic · Taş Tepeler PPN
Major Taş Tepeler sister site to Göbekli Tepe, ~15 ha with quarries, 266 T-pillars and special building with 11 pillars and phallic/human-head statuary. Reveals 12-site hilltop sanctuary network.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Neolithic to Chalcolithic (PPNB-derived) · Anatolian Neolithic (Catalhoyuk East/West)
Largest Neolithic proto-city (7500–5700 BCE) with 18 settlement levels, mud-brick houses entered via roofs, wall paintings, bull bucrania and earliest landscape painting. Population up to 8,000.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Ptolemaic to Byzantine · Egyptian-Greek / Roman
Sister city to Heracleion, 1.7 km west on same dune-barrier, sacred to Osiris with temple of Serapis, submerged same event, excavated by Goddio with statuettes, jewellery and ritual vessels.
