🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Earthwork
Dumat al-Jandal Mustatil Field
Neolithic (pottery Neolithic, 5000 BCE) · Late Neolithic Arabian pastoralists
70 mustatil rectangles (5000–3500 BCE)—communal cattle-cult enclosures on the Jowf plain.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Earthwork
Armenian Desert Kites – Mount Aragats & Syunik
Bronze Age to Early Iron Age · Kura-Araxes to Trialeti pastoralists
20 high-altitude kites on Mount Aragats (3000–800 BCE)—Caucasus extension 1,200 km from Levant.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Earthwork
Mustatils of Northwest Arabia
Late Neolithic (~5500–3500 BCE) · Neolithic Arabian pastoralist
More than 1,600 elongated rectangular courtyard monuments – Arabic mustatil – stitched across 200,000 km² of Saudi desert between the Nefud and Red Sea, rendered visible only by satellite.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Megalith
Khirigsuur Burial Complexes
Late Bronze Age (~1400–700 BCE) · Khirigsuur culture (Mongolian pastoralist)
Mounded circular stone platforms 2–20 m diameter surrounded by rectangular or polygonal enclosures with four cardinal knolls, often associated with deer stones and slab burials.
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Tadrart Acacus Rock Art
Early Holocene to Garamantian (~12,000 BCE – 100 CE) · Saharan hunter-gatherer to Pastoral Neolithic (Kel Essuf, Round Head, Pastoral)
150-km sandstone plateau on the Algerian border preserves thousands of paintings and engravings in styles paralleling nearby Tassili n'Ajjer: giant Kel Essuf headless figures, Round Head masked…