🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Qasr Azraq North Kite Field (Azraq Oasis Northern Fringe)
PPNB to Pottery Neolithic (wetland phase) · Azraq wetland foragers
Oasis-edge kite group on the Azraq mudflat–hamada beach ridge: 12 low-angle V-traps for wetland fauna.
🇵🇸 Palestine · Hydraulic works
Jericho–Wadi Qelt Herodian Aqueduct System (Judean Desert, Palestine)
Hasmonean to Herodian–Early Roman (100 BCE–70 CE) · Hasmonean / Herodian Judean (Hellenistic–Roman desert court)
20-km Wadi Qelt cliff aqueducts (c.20 BCE) cascading 400 m to irrigate Herod's Jericho oasis palaces and balsam plantations.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Azapa Cerro Moreno Geoglyphs (Mid-Valley Headland Figures)
Formative to Middle Horizon (Alto Ramírez–Tiwanaku 400–1000 CE) · Azapa Tiwanaku–Cabuza–San Miguel valley oasis
26 mid-A with plumed giants + feline on Cerro Moreno 420 m, above Azapa fertile oasis 18 km from Pacific.
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Ancient city
Anau
Anau IA–II (Namazga I–II) 4500–3000 BCE → Bronze → Iron → Sejuk · Jeitun–Anau → Namazga → Bronze Age BMAC → Iranian
Oasis-town pair (c.4500 BCE–1000 CE) on the Kopet Dag fan near Ashgabat — Anau North (Chalcolithic Anau IA–II, 4500–3000 BCE) and Anau South (Bronze–Iron Age 2000 BCE–Islamic) twin mounds excavated…
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient village
Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou
Almoravid to modern (11th c–20th c; present fabric 17th–19th c) · Berber (Haratine) / Almoravid / Saadi
Fortified earthen ksar on Trans-Saharan caravan road with pisé towers, agadir granary and geometric clay façades.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient village
El Kowm (Tell El Kowm 2 – Caracol)
PPNB to Halaf (8000–5500 BCE) · Steppe PPNB → Halaf-Ubaid (Palmyrene)
Palmyrene desert oasis PPNB village cluster around artesian spring, desert Neolithisation laboratory.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Ghoraife
PPNB to Late Neolithic (c.8200–6000 BCE) · Damascus PPNB → Yarmukian Pottery Neolithic
Ghouta oasis PPNB–PN village (c.8200–6000 BCE, Ghouta farming) 35 km S Damascus.
🇨🇱 Chile · Megalith
Pukará de Quitor
Late Intermediate–Late Horizon 1300–1540 CE · Atacameño (Likan Antai)
Atacameño clifftop fortress above Rio Grande with 4 km walls and 1540 Spanish battle site.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Qasr Burquʿ
Late Roman/Byzantine to Umayyad · Roman/Byzantine → Umayyad Arab
Black basalt desert castle (qasr) on the shores of seasonal Burqu Lake and Roman strata — possibly Byzantine Valentinian outpost incorporated into Umayyad qusur (~700 CE) — isolated in Harra basalt…
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Ancient city
State Historical Park Ancient Merv
Achaemenid 6th c BCE to Timurid 18th c CE (Seljuk peak 11th–13th c) · Parthian / Seljuk / Timurid (Persian-Central Asian)
Four superimposed cities of Merv oasis on Murghab alluvium: Erk Kala Achaemenid citadel, Gyaur Kala Hellenistic-Parthian double-walled (Antiochia Margiana), Sultan Kala Seljuk capital (world's…
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Tacapae (Gabes Oasis Port)
Punic to Islamic (6th c. BCE–11th c. CE) · Punic / Roman (Tripolitana)
Oasis harbour at Wadi Gabes mouth with palm-grove cothon.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Capsa (Gafsa) – Fossatum Oasis City
Capsian Mesolithic / Numidian / Roman / Byzantine · Capsian then Numidian / Roman
Artesian oasis pools of Roman Capsa, type-site of Capsian Mesolithic.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Historic Centre of Bukhara
Samanid to Shaybanid 9th–16th c (settled from 1st c CE) · Samanid / Qarakhanid / Shaybanid Islamic (Persian)
2000-year-old Silk Road oasis city preserved as intact medieval Islamic townscape with 140+ monuments.
🇵🇸 Palestine · Ancient village
Jericho – Tell es-Sultan
Natufian to Bronze Age (12,000 BCE onward; tower c.8300 BCE) · Natufian → PPNA/PPNB → Canaanite
Tell with Natufian through Bronze Age layers including Pre-Pottery Neolithic A stone tower (c.8300 BCE) and wall – among earliest monumental architecture and fortification. Biblical Jericho.