🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient village
Abu Gosh
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B to Pottery Neolithic (7600–5500 BCE) · Southern Levant PPNB → Yarmoukian (Pottery Neolithic)
Judean Hills PPNB ridge village with goat domestication ancient DNA archive.
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🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Abu Mena
Late Roman to Early Byzantine 4th–7th c. CE, peak 5th–6th c. · Coptic Christian / Byzantine Egyptian
Desert pilgrimage city of Saint Menas, 4th–7th c., now endangered by water table rise.
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🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Salar del Sur Geoglyphs (Antofagasta – Sierra Gorda)
Formative to Late Intermediate (Alto Ramírez–Tarapacá) · Atacameño / Tarapacá caravan tradition
Southernmost caravan geoglyph cluster at Salar del Sur (23°S): 31+ cleared camelid and avenue figures on salt-crust pampa.
🇨🇳 China · Rock-cut
Mati Temple Grottoes — Horse's Hoof Temple East Peak
Sixteen Kingdoms Northern Liang to Qing (400 CE–1910) · Hexi Corridor Buddhist (Tibetan, Yugur, Sogdian trader, Han)
Hexi 70 caves 400–1200 with Thirty-Three Heavens hollow-mountain labyrinth and horse hoof print on Qilian 2600 m.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Cerro Unita Giant
Late Intermediate Pica-Tarapaca 900-1450 CE · Tarapaca caravan and Pica oasis
86-m Atacama anthropomorphic giant (900-1450 CE) on Cerro Unita, largest prehistoric figure in Americas.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Casma-Sechin Geoglyphs
Initial Period to Early Intermediate (Sechin-Recuay) · Casma-Sechin / Recuay
Initial Period desert geoglyphs (1800-1000 BCE) on Casma pampa: feline and anthropomorph lines precursing Nazca.
🇲🇩 Moldova · Ancient city
Orheiul Vechi Cave Monastery and Geto-Dacian Fortress
Iron Age Geto-Dacian (5th–1st c. BCE) + Medieval Tatar Golden Horde Shehr al-Jadid 14th c. + cave monastery 13th–18th c. · Geto-Dacians, Golden Horde, Moldovan monks
Orheiul Vechi Cave Monastery and Geto-Dacian Fortress in Orhei District, Trebujeni–Butuceni, Răut river loop cliffs, Moldova is a Iron Age Geto-Dacian (5th–1st c.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Wadi al-Qattafi Kite Field (Three-Arm Wadi System)
Late Neolithic to Chalcolithic (Ghassulian) · Black Desert nomadics
Three-arm wadi with 38 kites on basalt mesas above the Qa al-Qattafi playa: densest Black Desert kite field.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Hydraulic works
Bir-Kot Ghundai Secondary Canal — Swat Right Bank
Bronze Age to Early Historic (1700 BCE–200 CE, Swat protohistoric IV–VII) · Gandhara Grave Culture? Actually Swat protohistoric (Gandhara Grave) to Indo-Greek
Swat 2.5-km proto-canal 1700 BCE puddled clay feeding Ghundai 30 ha rice, Italian Stacul's type Gandhara hydraulic.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Camarones Ravine Geoglyphs (Quebrada de Camarones)
Late Intermediate (Arica–Tarapacá) · Camarones–Azapa valley folk
Ravine-terrace geoglyphs with white-gravel double-square corrals: 22 figures above the Chinchorro coast.
🇬🇪 Georgia · Rock-cut
Vardzia — Cave City of Queen Tamar
Georgian Golden Age (Bagrationi 1184–1213) · Georgian Orthodox (Queen Tamar, Shota Rustaveli era)
1185 Tamar's 13-level honeycomb with Church of Dormition fresco and 3.5 km aqueduct on Mtkvari gorge, Seljuk fortress.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Earthwork
AlUla South Mustatil Cluster
Late Neolithic Arabian mustatil horizon · Northwest Arabian pastoralists
14 mustatil enclosures (5180-5050 BCE) at AlUla-Sharaan, densest sandstone cluster with betyl solstice alignment.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Saryarka Khirigsuur Field
Late Bronze Age, Saryarka khirigsuur 1400-800 BCE · Andronovo to Deer Stone-Khirigsuur transitional
35 Bronze Age khirigsuurs (1400-800 BCE) on Saryarka steppe, westernmost Deer Stone-Khirigsuur province 1500 km west of Mongolia.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Maitland East Ridge Chapel Kites (Eastern Jabal Maitland Sacred Ridge)
PPNB Late–PN (7100–6000 BCE) · Maitland Mesa chapel-associated trappers (SE Badia Late Neolithic)
8 Maitland triangular-pen kites 750 m with chapel 40 m from pen QEM-03 — quern butchery slab and infant burial chapel.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Maitland's Mesa Kite Enclosure (Maitland's Hillfort Mesa)
PPNB to Late Neolithic · Harrat pastoral foragers
Historic type-site where RAF pilot Maitland coined 'desert kite' (1927): 11 kites and cairn chain on basalt mesa.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Wadi Al-Qattafi South Mesa Chain Kites (Southern Basalt Mesas Qattafi)
PPNB Late to Late Neolithic (7200–5000 BCE) · Qattafi basin pastoral trappers (Wadi al-Qattafi group)
10 south mesa kites 695 m: 320–780 m walls using 40% natural escarpment as barrier, mesa-lee pens with burial cairn cutting wall.
🇹🇭 Thailand · Ancient city
Si Thep Historical Park (Ancient Town of Si Thep)
Dvaravati Culture 6th–13th CE (Mon) → Khmer → Ayutthaya · Dvaravati Mon (Austroasiatic Mon) with Mahayana–Hindu–Theravada syncretism
Dvaravati (Mon) ancient twin-city (c.500–1300 CE) on the Pa Sak plains 200 km north of Bangkok in Phetchabun — UNESCO World Heritage 2023 'The Ancient Town of Si Thep and its Associated Dvaravati…
🇨🇾 Cyprus · Submerged site
Amathus Harbour – Ancient Amathous Naval Basin, Cyprus
Hellenistic to Byzantine (312 BCE – 1191 CE) · Cypriot-Greek / Ptolemaic / Roman
312–294 BCE outer harbour of Amathus city-kingdom preserved as three rubble moles at −4 m — Cyprus's first underwater archaeological park off Agios Tychonas.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Black Pyramid of Amenemhat III (Dahshur)
Middle Kingdom (12th Dynasty) · Ancient Egyptian
12th-Dynasty Black Pyramid of Amenemhat III at Dahshur — 105 m mudbrick mass c.1860 BCE, blackened core, first quartzite vault and basalt pyramidion, abandoned for Hawara.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Jabal Wisad Desert Kites (Wisad Pools Black Desert)
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B to Pottery Neolithic · Black Desert pastoral foragers
Jabal Wisad plateau kites: 14 funnels on Black Desert inselberg above Neolithic Wisad Pools.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Wadi Abbadi Ancient Canal & Desert Road Canalization (Eastern Desert)
New Kingdom to Roman · Pharaonic–Ptolemaic–Roman Eastern Desert officials
Canalized desert road on Wadi Abbadi 35 km east of Edfu: 1.2 km channel with 8 plastered cisterns for gold caravans.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Jabal Wisad East Fallout Kites (Eastern Piedmont Debris Fan)
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B Late to Pottery Neolithic (7000–6000 BCE) · Wisad east fan pastoral hunters
9 eastern tephra-fan kites 685 m: Y-branch walls 180–420 m and oval pens with desert wheels and fossilized hoof prints.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Sadd al-Arim Secondary Dam
Sabaean Kingdom 750 BCE - 570 CE · Sabaean (Saba) kingdom
750 BCE Sabaean secondary saddle dam (420 m) and north sluice extension of Marib, doubling irrigated area via 2.1 km north canal.