🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Megalith
Temple Wood Stone Circles
Late Neolithic – Early Bronze Age · Kilmartin Late Neolithic / Early Bronze Age
Paired Kilmartin circles (13 m and 12 m) tracing timber-to-stone transition c.3000–1000 BCE.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Megalith
Loughcrew Cairn T (Hag's Cairn)
Late Neolithic · Boyne / Loughcrew passage tradition
35 m Loughcrew chief tomb with cruciform chamber whose art is illuminated by equinox sunrise.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Megalith
Knockmany Passage Tomb (Annia's Cove)
Late Neolithic · Boyne / Loughcrew tradition (western outlier)
Hilltop 15 m passage tomb with three decorated stones (spirals/lozenges) — westernmost Boyne-style tomb in Ulster.
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan · Rock art
Saimaluu-Tash West Ashu Pass Petroglyphs
Saka to Turkic Medieval · Saka, Wusun, Turkic
Western cirque shelf of Saimaluu-Tash at Ashu Pass, a glacial hanging valley 2 km west of Saimaluu-Tash I main valley floor at 3420 m.
🇺🇸 United States · Rock art
Paisley Caves
Pre-Clovis (Western Stemmed) · Paisley (Western Stemmed) / Pre-Clovis
14,500-year coprolite caves — oldest human DNA in Americas (14,300 BP) with Western Stemmed points, Oregon.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Rock art
Tamgaly-Tas II Upper Cliff Petroglyphs
Late Bronze to Dzungar · Wusun, Turkic, Mongol-Oirat, Tibetan Buddhist
Upper limestone cliff 35 m above the Ili left bank at Tamgaly-Tas (Kapchagai), 800 m upstream from the famous 17th-century Tibetan Buddhist panels.
🇹🇿 Tanzania · Rock art
Kondoa Rock Art Sites
Late Stone Age to recent (~3000 BCE – 19th century CE; most 1500 BCE onward) · Sandawe hunter-gatherer to Bantu pastoralist, later Warangi
Over 150 shelters scattered across the Kondoa escarpment display stratified painting traditions: early naturalistic eland and human figures with elongated heads (hunter-gatherer), later white…
🇮🇷 Iran · Rock art
Dousheh Cave
Mesolithic to Bronze Age (c.8000–2000 BCE) · Zagros rock-art tradition (pre-pottery to Bronze)
Lorestan painted cave 40 m galleries (150+ black/red paintings, hunters/ibex, c.8–2 ka) in Kuhdasht.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Wadi Sora Cave of Swimmers
Early to Mid Holocene (6000–3000 BCE) · Saharan pastoral Neolithic (Gilf Kebir)
Wadi Sora (Wadi Sura) Cave of Swimmers (Cave II) in Gilf Kebir is Saharan pastoral rock art 6000–3000 BCE, famous for 1933 Almasy discovery of 'swimming' floating figures (actually swimming in wadi…
🇮🇳 India · Rock art
Bhimbetka Rock Shelters
Upper Paleolithic to Medieval (100,000 BCE – 2nd century BCE – 1500 CE) · South Asian hunter-gatherer to early historic
Cluster of about 750 sandstone shelters on the Vindhyan fringe with a layered sequence of paintings spanning Mesolithic hunting scenes to historic horsemen and battle processions.
🇫🇮 Finland · Rock art
Astuvansalmi Rock Paintings
Neolithic–Bronze Age (4000–1000 BCE) · Comb Ceramic / Pit-Comb Ware hunter-gatherers
Finland's largest and best-known rock painting site on a sheer granite cliff above Lake Yövesi, part of Lake Saimaa.
🇯🇵 Japan · Rock art
Fugoppe Cave
Late Jomon to Epi-Jomon / Zoku-Jomon (c.300 BCE–350 CE, figures ~1600 BP) · Zoku-Jomon
Zoku-Jomon rock art cave (800 engravings, ~1600 BP) — winged figures pecked into soft Miocene tuff on Maruyama Hill.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Rock art
Kainji Rock Art and Mounds
MSA to Iron Age (50,000 BCE–1800 CE; rock art 2000 BCE–500 CE) · MSA / Kintampo-related / Iron Age (Borgawa)
Kainji shoreline and islands host Middle Stone Age to Iron Age rock shelters with geometric rock art and 2,000-year mound settlements along Niger River, inundated partially 1968 by Kainji Dam.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Rock art
Tamgaly-Tas II Ili River Bend North Petroglyphs
Bronze Age to Oirat · Andronovo, Saka, Wusun, Oirat
North river-bend schist slabs at the Kurta confluence on the Ili, 1.2 km north of the main Tamgaly-Tas Buddha, comprising 90 panels on flood-scoured boulders and low cliff.
🇸🇪 Sweden · Rock art
Vitlycke Rock Carvings
Neolithic–Bronze Age (4000–1000 BCE) · Hunter-gatherer rock art tradition
Vitlycke Rock Carvings is a rock art site in Västra Götaland, Sweden featuring carvings and paintings on exposed bedrock dating from the Neolithic to Bronze Age (c.4000–1000 BCE).
🇩🇿 Algeria · Archaeological wonder
Tassili n'Ajjer
Epipaleolithic to Late Pastoral (c.8000 BCE–1000 CE; major painting phases Round Head 6000 BCE–5000 BCE, Pastoral 4500–2000 BCE) · Kel Tamasheq predecessor hunter-gatherer / Pastoral Neolithic / Garamantes
72,000 km² sandstone plateau with one of world's largest rock art concentrations: 15,000 engravings and paintings spanning 6000 BCE–first centuries CE – Bubalus, Round Head (10,000–6000 BCE,…
🇸🇴 Somalia · Archaeological wonder
Laas Geel
Neolithic Pastoral (c.5000–3000 BCE; dated by stratum ceramics) · Early Cushitic Pastoral Neolithic / Horn of Africa pastoralists
Exceptionally preserved Neolithic rock art shelters discovered 2002 by French team (Xavier Gutherz): 10 granite alcoves with polychrome paintings 5000–3000 BCE – long-horned cattle with udders,…
🇸🇪 Sweden · Rock art
Viksjö Rock Carvings
Neolithic–Bronze Age (4000–1000 BCE) · Hunter-gatherer rock art tradition
Viksjö Rock Carvings is a rock art site in Uppland, Sweden featuring carvings and paintings on exposed bedrock dating from the Neolithic to Bronze Age (c.4000–1000 BCE).
🇳🇪 Niger · Rock art
Djado Plateau Rock Art
Neolithic to Medieval (6000 BCE–1500 CE) · Saharan pastoralists / Libyco-Berber / Kanem
Djado Plateau is an isolated sandstone cuesta 1,000 m² in Ténéré with rock art 6000 BCE–1000 CE, engraved cattle, giraffe and Libyco-Berber inscriptions in shelters, plus ruined ksar Djado fortress…
🇨🇳 China · Rock art
Helan Mountains Helankou North — Rock Art Park North Gorge
Spring and Autumn to Western Xia (770 BCE – 1227 CE) · Northern nomadic to Dangxiang (Tangut Xi Xia)
North fork with 1200+ ibex and Xi Xia script at 1970 m opposite main park.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Megalith
Cairnbaan Cup and Ring Marks
Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age · Kilmartin Late Neolithic
Cup-and-ring schist panels above Kilmartin Glen with >100 carvings, c.3000 BCE.
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan · Rock art
Saimaluu-Tash West Lake Shelf Petroglyphs
Saka to Qarakhanid · Saka, Wusun, Qarakhanid
Lake-margin boulder bar at the tarn below Saimaluu-Tash West cirque, a 400-m shoreline shelf with 180 panels on glacially-rafted quartzite.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Megalith
Ormaig Rock Art
Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age · Kilmartin Late Neolithic
Forest clearing cup-and-ring cluster on Creag Mhor, 120+ motifs, c.3000 BCE.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Rock art
Tamgaly II North Outcrop Petroglyphs
Late Bronze to Saka-Wusun · Andronovo, Saka, Wusun
Isolated granite outcrop 600 m north of Tamgaly Main Gorge, a whale-backed ridge exposing 22 vertical panels with 180+ peckings contrasting valley-floor schist.