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The catalogue
9,978 places to sift through. Narrow by kind, country, period or how firmly each one is established — contested and pseudoarchaeological claims are labelled here, never hidden.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Mature Harappan 2600–1700 BCE · Indus Valley (Harappan)
Small fortified mature Harappan town (2600–1700 BCE) in Kutch, 1.4 ha with stone-built citadel and residential area sharing fortification like Kalibangan. Excavated 1964–68 by J.P.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Chalcolithic to Mitanni-Akkadian to Late Bronze · North Mesopotamian (Uruk → Akkadian → Hurrian)
Huge early city ('city without a state' per Oates) occupied 6000 BCE–1300 CE, peaking as Nagar kingdom (2600–2200 BCE) with Mitanni palace (1500 BCE) and Akkadian Naram-Sin palace.
🇪🇸 Spain · Rock art
Solutrean to Magdalenian ~18–11 ka BP · Magdalenian Cantabrian
Ribadesella polychrome Magdalenian cave sealed until 1968 with 14 ka harpoon culture art.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hillfort
Early Iron Age (800–400 BCE) · Hallstatt / Early Iron Age
Traprain Law — Summit Cairn Terrace in Scotland, East Lothian, United Kingdom is a Early Iron Age (800–400 BCE) hillfort attributed to Hallstatt / Early Ir…
🇧🇷 Brazil · Hillfort
Roman (300 BCE–500 CE) · Roman
Varna Mogor Ach Hill Fort in Piauí, Brazil is a Roman (300 BCE–500 CE) hillfort attributed to Roman culture.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient village
Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) · Hellenistic
Village of Chashma Dara in Aswan Governorate, Egypt is a Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) ancient village attributed to Hellenistic culture.
🇸🇪 Sweden · Ancient city
High Middle Ages (c.1150–1400 CE) · Gotlandic Hanseatic / Medieval Scandinavian
3.4 km medieval ring wall encircling Hanseatic Visby, best preserved in Scandinavia, built 13th–14th c. limestone with 27 towers, gate towers and caponier.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Urartian Kingdom 8th–6th century BCE (late empire western frontier) · Urartian → Median → Achaemenid
Argishti II's Euphrates citadel with pillared hall, subterranean passage and ivory tombs.
🇸🇾 Syria · Archaeological wonder
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Iron Age
Ancient City of Kala Rampart in Homs Governorate, Syria is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) archaeological wonder attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇳🇪 Niger · Ancient city
Medieval Trans-Saharan (10th–15th c. CE) · Tuareg / Songhai / Sanhaja
Copper-mining metropolis visited by Ibn Battuta (1353) with 200 mine shafts.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Achaemenid to Hindu Shahi (600 BCE–1000 CE) Bazira of Alexander · Gandhara (Bazira besieged by Alexander)
Barikot — Swat Gandhara City (Bazira) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan is a Achaemenid to Hindu Shahi (600 BCE–1000 CE) Bazira of Alexander ancient-city attributed to Gandhara (Bazira besieged by…
🇰🇭 Cambodia · Temple complex
Angkor Early–Classical transition · Hindu (Vishnu? Shaiva debated)
Unrestored jungle-strangled temple-city (early 12th c., possibly Suryavarman I–Suryavarman II transition, ~1110–1120) at 110×120 m moated eastern face now collapsed into rubble choked by silk-cotton…
🇺🇸 United States · Buried city
Jōmon (14000–300 BCE) · Jōmon
Buried City of Syke Geoglyph in Ohio, United States is a Jōmon (14000–300 BCE) buried city attributed to Jōmon culture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Middle Bronze to Iron (c.1800–600 BCE) · Mitanni → Middle Assyrian → Neo-Assyrian
Middle Bronze to Iron Age mound (160 m diameter, 12 m high) on the Upper Tigris, salvage west of the Batman–Tigris confl...
🇨🇳 China · Pyramid
Goguryeo Kingdom 37 BCE–668 CE (pyramids 3–7 c CE peak) · Goguryeo (Korean–Chinese proto-state)
Eastern Asia's largest tumulus pyramid cluster: 7,000+ stone step-pyramids and earthen mounds 3 Kingdoms Goguryeo (37 BCE–668 CE) across Ji'an (Tonggou, Guonei) and DPRK Pyongyang cluster.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic · Burdur Lake Neolithic (Hacılar culture)
Pottery Neolithic to Chalcolithic tell (5700–3500 BCE) in the Burdur Lake District, where James Mellaart uncovered nine aceramic and ceramic Neolithic levels with lime-plaster floors and spectacular…
🇮🇳 India · Cave
Middle Palaeolithic (74000 BCE) · Middle Palaeolithic
Jwalapuram — Toba Ash Layer in Andhra Pradesh, Jurreru Valley, India is a Middle Palaeolithic (74000 BCE) cave attributed to Middle Palaeolithic culture.
🇬🇭 Ghana · Temple complex
Medieval Sudanese (15th–16th c) · Dagomba–Dyula Islam
Larabanga Mosque (1421 legend, likely 16th c) is the oldest mosque in Ghana and purest Sudanese adobe (Sudanic) with two 12 m pyramidal towers (mihrab and minaret) 8×10 m mud mass, 12 massive toron…
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient village
Hohokam Colonial to Classic (950–1350 CE; peak 950–1200 CE) · Hohokam (Tucson Basin)
Hohokam platform precursor 950 CE — 600 bedrock mortars & ballcourt (Bayman).
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient village
Protoneolithic (9800–8200 BCE) · Zarzian–PPN (Nemrikian)
Protoneolithic (9800–8200 BCE) Zarzian–PPN (Nemrikian) ancient village at Dohuk Governorate, Upper Tigris/Mosul Dam zone – ppn hamlet with stone sculpture and houses (dims Tell 0.8 ha, 8 PPN houses).
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Medieval Christian–Islamic Nubia (500–1317 CE; peak 800–12th c.) · Makuria (Christian Nubia) / Islamic
Old Dongola on Nile opposite Letti is Makuria Christian Nubia's capital 500–1317 CE, 45 ha walled town with colonnaded citadel, palace of Ioannes (11th c.) 28×18 m with frescoes, five churches…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tomb
Old to Middle Kingdom (2700–1800 BCE) · Old–New Kingdom Egyptian
Palmyra — Tower Tomb E (Elahbel Sector) in Homs, Palmyra, Valley of Tombs, Syria is a Old to Middle Kingdom (2700–1800 BCE) tomb attributed to Old–New King…
🇹🇭 Thailand · Rock art
Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) · Andean Formative
Rock Art of Citadel Glen in Buriram Province, Thailand is a Andean Formative (1800–200 BCE) rock art attributed to Andean Formative culture.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Early–Middle Formative 1500–500 BCE (Rosario phase) · Zapotec (Mogote phase)
Earliest Zapotec urban precursor with Monument 3 captive blood glyph, earliest Oaxacan writing 600 BCE.
