🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Berenike Troglodytica — Northern Lagoon Harbour (Foul Bay North)
Hellenistic to Late Antique (275 BCE – 550 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman
Northern lagoon harbour of Berenike Troglodytica — 70 m fort mole at –1.5 m and fort wall.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Berenike Troglodytica — Foul Bay Southern Lagoon Harbour (Ras Benas South)
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (275 BCE – 550 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman Egyptian
Southern Foul Bay lagoon of Berenike behind Ras Benas — gypsum quay at –1.5 m and elephant ramp.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Berenike Troglodytica — Foul Bay Southern Lagoon Harbour (Ras Benas South) — v2
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (275 BCE – 550 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman Egyptian
Southern Foul Bay lagoon of Berenike behind Ras Benas — gypsum quay at –1.5 m and elephant ramp.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Hierakonpolis (Nekhen)
Predynastic to Old Kingdom (Naqada I–III to 2686 BCE; peak Naqada III) · Egyptian (Predynastic Naqada II–III / Early Dynastic)
Predynastic megacity 3500 BCE 5 ha yielding Narmer Palette, earliest 12 m mudbrick fort, HK6 elephant burial and painted Tomb 100.
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Messak Settafet Rock Art
Neolithic Pastoral ~8000–2000 BP · Pastoral Neolithic Saharan
Fezzan escarpment's elephant and giraffe engravings marking Holocene Sahara greening.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Apamea
Seleucid to Byzantine Crusader · Seleucid → Roman → Byzantine
Seleucid garrison city and military elephant depot (Seleucus' 500 Indian elephants), later Roman Apamea with the grandest colonnaded cardo in the East — 1,850 m long, 37 m wide, 1,200 columns with…