🇬🇷 Greece · Hydraulic works
Tunnel of Eupalinos (Efpalinos) — Samos Aqueduct
Archaic (600–500 BCE) · Ionian Greek (Samian) — engineer Eupalinos of Megara
Herodotean 1,036-m tunnel 550 BCE dug from both ends with 60 cm meet error.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Ziggurat of Etemenanki (Tower of Babel)
Old Babylonian to Neo-Babylonian · Babylonian
Neo-Babylonian ziggurat of Marduk at Babylon — Etemenanki 'House of Heaven-Earth' — 91 m seven-stage prototype of Tower of Babel, rebuilt by Nebuchadnezzar II.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Tel Dafana (Daphnae) – Psamtik's Greek Frontier Fort at Pelusium
Late Period to Persian (664 – 525 BCE) · Saite Egyptian / East Greek mercenary Ionian–Carian
664 BCE Saite Greek mercenary fort at Pelusium gateway — casemate walls half in Pelusiac sebkha –1 to –3 m with Greek pottery.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Naukratis – Nile Delta Greek Emporion & Submerged Canopic Anchorage
Late Period to Ptolemaic–Roman (620 BCE – 4th c. CE) · Saqite Egyptian / Milesian-Samian-Aeginetan Greek
Panhellenic Delta emporion 620 BCE — Psamtik Greek colony whose 300 m Canopic harbour channel now 8 m under Nile silt with lagoon quay.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Bubastis – Tell Basta (Cult of Bastet)
Old Kingdom to Late Antiquity (4th Dyn – 4th c. CE) · Egyptian (Delta Libyan dynasties)
Bastet cat-goddess capital – island red-granite temple and 100,000 cat mummies on 14 m tell.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Olbia Pontica – Submerged Lower Town
Archaic to Medieval (646 BCE – 4th c. CE; revisited 14th c.) · Milesian Greek / Scythian / Roman / Gothic
Milesian Black Sea emporium whose harbour lower town now lies 1–4 m under Bug–Dnieper liman.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Pyramid of Hawara
Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty mid · Ancient Egyptian
Second pyramid of Amenemhat III (12th Dynasty) at Hawara, 58 m high 105 m base, brick core with limestone casing now stripped, near Fayum depression.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Barca (Al Marj / El Merj) – Pentapolis Interior Capital
Greek / Roman · Greek (Cyrenean)
Agrarian interior capital of Pentapolis founded 560 BCE by Cyrene exiles, mother of Ptolemais port. Agora terrace, Amun temple, theatre and Hellenistic walls.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Augila (Awjila / Aujila Oasis) – Herodotean Palmgrove
Garamantian / Roman · Libyan / Roman
Date-forest island famed since Herodotus for Ammonite pilgrim routes Siwa→Augila→Garama. Garamantian–Greco–Roman caravanserai with foggara traces and late-antique church; mudbrick town overlies souq.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient village
Cinyps (Wadi Ka'am / Khoms Emporion)
Greek / Punic / Roman · Greek then Punic / Roman
Hill of the Graces where Greek Cinyps colony (520 BCE) briefly rivalled Cyrene before Libyan expulsion. Later Tripolitanian olive villa cluster feeding Leptis port; terraces and cisterns.