🇹🇳 Tunisia · Submerged site
Neapolis (Nabeul)
Punic to Byzantine (5th c BCE–7th c CE; garum peak 1st–3rd c) · Punic / Roman / Byzantine
20-ha partly submerged garum metropolis with 80 cetariae and tsunami-drowned waterfront since 365 CE.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Phanagoria – Sunken Bosporan Capital
Archaic Greek to Medieval (543 BCE – 10th c. CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan / Khazar / Byzantine / Russian
Greatest Greek city of Taman — one third now submerged under Taman Bay containing harbour and lower town.
🇮🇱 Israel · Submerged site
Caesarea Maritima – Herod's Sebastos Harbour
Herodian to Crusader (22 BCE – 1265 CE) · Judean / Roman / Byzantine / Crusader
Herod's colossal Roman harbour Sebastos now submerged 5 m; one of earliest hydraulic-concrete harbours.
🇫🇷 France · Rock art
Cosquer Cave
Gravettian–Solutrean ~27–19 ka BP · Gravettian–Solutrean coastal
Submerged 27 ka painted cave 37 m under Mediterranean with great-auk and hand stencils.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Kepoi – Submerged Aphrodite Colony
Archaic to Medieval (c.580 BCE – 10th c.) · Milesian Greek / Bosporan / Sarmatian
590 BCE neighbour to Phanagoria whose harbour quarter is now under Taman Bay.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Pavlopetri
Early Helladic to Late Minoan · Minoan-influenced / Mycenaean
World's oldest known submerged town (c.3500–2800 BCE, occupation to 1000 BCE), submerged by earthquakes c.1000 BCE, with intact streets, two-storey houses, tombs, garden terraces off islet; never…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Thonis-Heracleion
Late Period to Byzantine (6th c BCE – 8th c CE) · Egyptian / Greek
Legendary port of entry to Egypt before Alexandria, submerged after earthquake/liquefaction 6th–8th century CE, rediscovered 2000 by Franck Goddio (IEASM) with stele of Nectanebo I, temples of…
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Baiae (Baiae Archaeological Park)
Republican to Late Antique (140 BCE – 8th c CE) · Roman
Former luxury resort of Rome’s elite (Caesar, Nero, Hadrian) with imperial villa, submerged by bradyseism (volcanic uplift/subsidence) to 5–9 m, with mosaics, statues and pilings visible snorkelling.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Canopus (East Canopus)
Ptolemaic to Byzantine · Egyptian-Greek / Roman
Sister city to Heracleion, 1.7 km west on same dune-barrier, sacred to Osiris with temple of Serapis, submerged same event, excavated by Goddio with statuettes, jewellery and ritual vessels.