Anazarbus East Annex — Cilician Plain Citadel Extension
Roman to Armenian (100 BCE–1375 CE)·Roman Cilician then Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (Levon)·🇹🇷 Adana Province, Turkey
About
About Anazarbus East Annex — Cilician Plain Citadel Extension
Anazarbus East Annex — Cilician Plain Citadel Extension in Adana Province, Turkey is a Roman to Armenian (100 BCE–1375 CE) fortress attributed to Roman Cilician then Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (Levon). Extension northeast of Anazarbus hill citadel with Armenian church and colonnade street extension. Anazarbus Cilician capital with 1.5 km colonnade street and Armenian citadel 200 m high.
Why it mattersKey Negev–Anatolian highland site
Open questions
Mysteries & theories
Mysteries
- 01Desert agriculture technology
- 02Roman frontier model
Theories
- 01Incense trade water management
Theories are interpretations, not findings. The seal above tells you how much scholarly weight the place carries.
History
How it came to be
- Built
- c. 100 BCE lower city; citadel 200 CE
- Period
- Roman to Armenian (100 BCE–1375 CE)
- Culture
- Roman Cilician then Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (Levon)
- Purpose
- Extension northeast of Anazarbus hill citadel with Armenian church and colonnade street extension
- Excavation
- Partially excavated
c. 100 BCE lower city; citadel 200 CE
Initial construction
c. 1900 CE
Systematic survey
On the ground
Structures & features
37.2600° N · 35.9000° E · 220 m · 4 mapped features
Anazarbus East Annex — Cilician Plain Citadel Extension — Fort Wall
wallCircuit wall
37.2601° N · 35.9001° EAnazarbus East Annex — Cilician Plain Citadel Extension — Tower
towerCorner tower
37.2603° N · 35.8999° EAnazarbus East Annex — Cilician Plain Citadel Extension — Gate
gateGate with flanking towers
37.2598° N · 35.9003° EAnazarbus East Annex — Cilician Plain Citadel Extension — Reservoir
reservoirWater storage
37.2596° N · 35.8999° E