Cañada de la Virgen — Bajío Observatory Hill Pyramid

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Why it mattersKey Otomi or Toltec-related Bajío astronomers pyramid with stratified sequence and regional typology.

Theories are interpretations, not findings. The seal above tells you how much scholarly weight the place carries.

Built

c. 540 CE House of Thirteen Heavens; 650 CE pyramid III

Period

Epiclassic (530–900 CE) Bajío observatory alignment

Culture

Otomi or Toltec-related Bajío astronomers

Purpose

Equinox/ zenith observatory pyramid complex (House of Thirteen Heavens 32 m × 25 m with buried house sub) — solar and Venus alignments 1100 CE abandon

Rediscovered

Modern excavation 1906

Excavation

Excavated

1. c. 540 CE House of Thirteen Heavens; 650 CE pyramid III

   Initial construction / first occupation at Cañada de la Virgen — Bajío Observatory Hill Pyramid

2. c. 800 CE major extension

   Major expansion / refurbishment at Cañada de la Virgen — Bajío Observatory Hill Pyramid

• Cañada de la Virgen — Bajío Observatory Hill Pyramid — Principal Pyramid

  pyramid

  pyramid at Cañada de la Virgen — Bajío Observatory Hill Pyramid — hydraulic feature

  20.8576° N · 100.9767° W

• Cañada de la Virgen — Bajío Observatory Hill Pyramid — Northern Chamber

  chamber

  chamber at Cañada de la Virgen — Bajío Observatory Hill Pyramid — hydraulic feature

  20.8580° N · 100.9740° W

• Cañada de la Virgen — Bajío Observatory Hill Pyramid — Causeway Annex 3

  causeway

  causeway at Cañada de la Virgen — Bajío Observatory Hill Pyramid — outlier feature

  20.8563° N · 100.9752° W