🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Buhen Fortress
Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom (1950–1070 BCE; fort peak 1860 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian occupier of Nubia (Wawat)
Second Cataract fortress Buhen — Sesostris III's 5-m bastioned walls now 40 m under Nasser.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Kerma Western Deffufa Brick Massif
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Kerma Western Deffufa Brick Massif in Northern, Kerma, Sudan is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Semna and Kumma Fortresses
Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom (1900–1070 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian occupier
Twin customs forts Semna–Kumma bracketing Second Cataract with Sesostris III's negro-ship decree.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Askut Island Fortress
Middle Kingdom to X-Group (1860–500 BCE peak 1850 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian occupier
Mid-Nile island kite-fort Askut guarding Second Cataract channel.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Uronarti Fort Island Nubia
Middle Kingdom · 12th Dynasty Egyptian
Uronarti Fort Island Nubia at Nubia, Uronarti Island, Sudan is a Middle Kingdom ancient city of the 12th Dynasty Egyptian tradition, built c.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Mirgissa Fortress Nubia Harbour
Middle Kingdom · 12th Dynasty Egyptian
Mirgissa Fortress Nubia Harbour at Nubia, Mirgissa, Sudan is a Middle Kingdom ancient city of the 12th Dynasty Egyptian tradition, built c. 1850 BCE for huge fortress 100×80 m with harbour slipway.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Buhen Fortress Nubia Second Cataract
Middle Kingdom · 12th Dynasty Egyptian
Buhen Fortress Nubia Second Cataract at Nubia, Buhen, Sudan is a Middle Kingdom ancient city of the 12th Dynasty Egyptian tradition, built c. 1850 BCE for great fortress 150 m with moat glacis.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Askut Fort Island Supply Base
Middle Kingdom · 12th Dynasty Egyptian
Askut Fort Island Supply Base at Nubia, Askut Island, Sudan is a Middle Kingdom ancient city of the 12th Dynasty Egyptian tradition, built c. 1850 BCE for island fort-supply base 77×52 m.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Inner Meroe Terrace North — Meroe (53-27)
Chalcolithic (regional) · Chalcolithic
Inner Meroe Terrace North — Meroe (53-27) at Meroe, Sudan is a Chalcolithic (regional) ancient city of the Chalcolithic tradition, built c. 1800 BCE for terrace and associated settlement.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Lower Meroe Temple East — Meroe (53-21)
Bronze Age (regional) · Bronze Age
Lower Meroe Temple East — Meroe (53-21) at Meroe, Sudan is a Bronze Age (regional) ancient city of the Bronze Age tradition, built c. 800 BCE for temple and associated settlement.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Kerma — Western Deffufa Ancillary Courtyard
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Kerma — Western Deffufa Ancillary Courtyard in Northern, Kerma, Sudan is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age …
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Midden Dolmen Ancient City
Mississippian (800–1600 CE) · Mississippian
Midden Dolmen Ancient City in River Nile State, Sudan is a Mississippian (800–1600 CE) ancient city attributed to Mississippian culture.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Old Dongola Cathedral Quarter (Makurian Annex)
Makurian Christian (c. 500–1500 CE; cathedral 707 CE) · Makurian Nubian Christian
Annex quarter south of Old Dongolo's famous cruciform church, with 707 CE cathedral (32×28 m) with 6 granite columns, 11th c frescoes of archangels and king portraits, and palace a...
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Meroe Town — Royal City North of Pyramids with Temple of Amun
Meroitic (600 BCE–350 CE capital after 300 BCE shift from Napata) · Meroitic royal capital (Kandake city)
Meroe town excavated by Garstang & Sayce 1911–14, iron capital 200k t slag, temple of Amun 600 m.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Temple complex
Kawa — Temple T Taharqa Nile Town
Egyptian New Kingdom to Napatan (1450 BCE temple T foundation; Taharqa 680 BCE Temple T) · Egyptian → Napatan Kushite (Gematon)
Kawa excavated by Griffith & Macadam 1929–31 and Welsby 1990s, Taharqa shrine to Amun Gematon.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Sanam — Kushite Administrative Centre opposite Barkal
Napatan (750–600 BCE) and Meroitic later · Kushite Napatan trade centre
Sanam excavated by Griffith 1923, Napatan treasury town opposite Barkal sacred mountain.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Old Dongola — Medieval Christian Cathedral and Mosque Stack
Makurian Christian (600–1400 CE cathedral 1000 CE; 1317 mosque conversion) · Nubian Makuria Christian → Funj Islamic
Old Dongola excavated by Godlewski 1964–, 700 CE frescoes, 1317 mosque oldest Sudan.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Tombos — Egyptian-Kushite Quarry Frontier Town
New Kingdom Egyptian fortress (1550–1070 BCE) granite quarry → Napatan · Egyptian New Kingdom colonial
Tombos excavated by Smith & Buzon, Egyptian garrison with Nubian burials mixing.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Sesebi — Amenhotep IV Aten Town Sudanese Akhetaten
Amarna (Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten c.1365 BCE) New Kingdom Egyptian colony · Egyptian Amarna (Aten) colonial
Sesebi excavated by Fairman 1938, Aten talatat predecessor to Amarna 1365 BCE.