🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Zitha (Ziana)
Punic to Byzantine (3rd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Punic / Roman (Tripolitana)
Causeway waystation over sebkha between Zarzis and Gigthis.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Aunobaris (Henchir Bir el-Achour)
Roman to Byzantine (1st c.–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman-Christian
Episcopal village over spring with Saturn stelae and church.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Avdat Highland Annex — Negev Nabataean Town Extension
Nabataean to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) · Nabataean (Aretas)
Avdat Highland Annex — Negev Nabataean Town Extension in Southern District, Israel is a Nabataean to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) ancient-city attributed to Nabataean (Aretas).
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Doukki Gel — Kerma Ceremonial City
Kerma (2500–1500 BCE) + Egyptian overlapping · Kerma / Egyptian
Doukki Gel — Kerma Ceremonial City in Northern State, Sudan is a Kerma (2500–1500 BCE) + Egyptian overlapping ancient-city attributed to Kerma / Egyptian.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Edzná
Maya Classic (Puuc) · Maya (Puuc/ Petén)
Edzná — hydraulic capital with Five Stories Pyramid.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Shahdad — Kerman Bronze Age Oasis
Early Bronze Age Jiroft–Shahdad (3000–2000 BCE) · Jiroft culture (Halil Rud)
Shahdad — Kerman Bronze Age Oasis in Kerman Province, Iran is a Early Bronze Age Jiroft–Shahdad (3000–2000 BCE) ancient-city attributed to Jiroft culture (Halil Rud).
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Caral Pyramids
Early Horizon · Andean
Norte Chico pyramids at Caral (3000–1800 BCE) 6 monumental platforms 18–28 m high, Pirámide Mayor 153×109 m, oldest city in Americas UNESCO.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Mopsuestia — Pyramidal Pyramid Road Station
Hittite Mopsos to Roman (1300 BCE–400 CE) · Mopsos/House of Mopsos, Roman Mamistra
Mopsuestia — Pyramidal Pyramid Road Station in Adana Province, Turkey is a Hittite Mopsos to Roman (1300 BCE–400 CE) ancient-city attributed to Mopsos/House of Mopsos, Roman Mamistra.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Tatilti (Aïn Touta) – Mountain Refuge
Numidian to Byzantine (3rd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman / Berber
Aurès pass city with bazina tumuli and thermal baths.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Sirkap — Taxila Greek Street South Extension
Indo-Greek–Kushan (180 BCE–200 CE) · Indo-Greek (Demetrius) then Kushan
Sirkap — Taxila Greek Street South Extension in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan is a Indo-Greek–Kushan (180 BCE–200 CE) ancient-city attributed to Indo-Greek (Demetrius) then Kushan.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Tel Kabri
MB II–LB I (c.1850–1550 BCE) · Canaanite MB II with Aegean influence → Phoenician
Palatial MB II Canaanite centre (32 ha) with Minoan-style painted plaster palace (c.1850–1550 BCE), excavated by Aharon...
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Al-Rawda — Steppe Kite Walled Town
Early Bronze IV (2400–2000 BCE) · Inner Syria EBA
Al-Rawda — Steppe Kite Walled Town in Hama Governorate, Syrian desert steppe, Syria is a Early Bronze IV (2400–2000 BCE) ancient city attributed to Inner Syria EBA culture.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Dholavira
Mature Harappan 2650–2100 BCE (with Early/Late phases 3500–1800 BCE) · Indus Valley / Harappan
Harappan metropolis (2650–2100 BCE) on Khadir island in Great Rann of Kutch, the fifth largest Harappan site covering 100 ha with citadel, middle and lower towns and monumental water management.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Kanytelis (Kanlıdivane) — Cilician Chasm City
Hellenistic to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) · Olba kingdom then Byzantine
Kanytelis (Kanlıdivane) — Cilician Chasm City in Mersin Province, Turkey is a Hellenistic to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) ancient-city attributed to Olba kingdom then Byzantine.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Kashkashok
Ubaid–Early Jezirah III (c.5000–2300 BCE) · Ubaid → Ninevite-5
Trilogy Kashkashok I–III on Jaghjagh mid-reach: Ubaid hut with Samarra pre-contact, Late Chalcolithic double-temple mound, and ED II dense granaries with Halaf-to-Ninevite transition; Matsutani &…
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Toprak-Kala — Khorezm Palace of Artaxerxes
Kushan–Khorezm (1st–3rd c. CE) · Khorezmian (Artav)
Toprak-Kala — Khorezm Palace of Artaxerxes in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan is a Kushan–Khorezm (1st–3rd c. CE) ancient-city attributed to Khorezmian (Artav).
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
El Brujo — Cao Viejo Extension
Early Intermediate to Wari (200 BCE–800 CE) · Moche V to Wari
El Brujo — Cao Viejo Extension in La Libertad Region, Peru is a Early Intermediate to Wari (200 BCE–800 CE) ancient-city attributed to Moche V to Wari.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Gadara — Umm Qais
Hellenistic to Ottoman (300 BCE–1600 CE) · Hellenistic / Roman Decapolis (Menippos poet)
Gadara — Umm Qais in Yarmuk Gorge, Jordan is a Hellenistic to Ottoman (300 BCE–1600 CE) ancient-city attributed to Hellenistic / Roman Decapolis (Menippos poet).
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Ancient city
Gonur North Extension — Margiana
Bactria-Margiana (BMAC) Gonur (2400–1600 BCE) · Oxus civilization (BMAC)
Gonur North Extension — Margiana in Mary Province, Turkmenistan is a Bactria-Margiana (BMAC) Gonur (2400–1600 BCE) ancient-city attributed to Oxus civilization (BMAC).
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Huaricanga — Norte Chico Extension
Late Archaic – Early Formative (3500–1800 BCE) · Norte Chico (Caral–Supe)
Huaricanga — Norte Chico Extension in Ancash Region, Peru is a Late Archaic – Early Formative (3500–1800 BCE) ancient-city attributed to Norte Chico (Caral–Supe).
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Hadrianopolis (Driana) North Extramural Dunes
Roman to Byzantine (2nd–7th c. CE) · Roman (Cyrenaica)
Dune suburb of Hadrianopolis with fish vats and submerged mole.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Pikillacta — Wari Administrative Center
Middle Horizon Wari (550–1100 CE) · Wari (Huari)
Pikillacta — Wari Administrative Center in Cusco Region, Peru is a Middle Horizon Wari (550–1100 CE) ancient-city attributed to Wari (Huari).
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Ancient city
San Isidro — Jama-Coaque Ceremonial Center
Regional Development (350 BCE–400 CE) · Jama-Coaque
San Isidro — Jama-Coaque Ceremonial Center in Manabí Province, Ecuador is a Regional Development (350 BCE–400 CE) ancient-city attributed to Jama-Coaque.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Fortress
Gobir Citadel of Gidan Sabon Birni
Sokoto period (19th c. CE; Gobir resistance) · Hausa (Gobir)
Late Gobir fortified birni (4.2 km) after 1808 fall of Al Kalawa.