🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Madauros (M'Daourouch) – University City of Apuleius
Numidian / Roman · Romano-Berber
High-plateau Roman university town famed as birthplace of Apuleius (Golden Ass) and Augustine's school.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Zama Regia (Siliana) – Battle Plain & Town
Numidian to Roman (3rd c BCE – 5th c CE) · Numidian / Roman
Applicant for royal Zama where Scipio defeated Hannibal 202 BCE on adjacent plain (battlefield scatter 5 km). Royal town with temple podium, walls and Byzantine fort shows Numidian...
🇺🇸 United States · Buried city
Cahokia Mounds
Emergent Mississippian to Stirling phase · Mississippian (Illinoian)
Largest Mississippian centre (650–1400 CE) with 120 mounds including Monks Mound (30 m, 1000x700 ft base, largest earthen platform north of Mexico).
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Kisurra
ED to Isin-Larsa (c.3000–1750 BCE) · Sumerian → Akkadian → Ur III → Isin-Larsa
Kisurra (Abu Hatab) is a Sumerian city-state between Isin and Larsa, with ED palace and Ur III archive. German excavations (1900, 1990s) revealed city wall (2 k...
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Phycus (Naustathmos)
Greek to Byzantine (6th c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Greek / Roman (Cyrenaica)
Submerged roadstead at Ras al Hilal with quay blocks 2–4 m deep.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Chan Chan
Chimú · Chimú (Chanchan)
Largest adobe city in world: capital of Chimú Kingdom (850–1470) covering 20 km² with 10 walled citadels (ciudadelas) with friezes of pelicans and lattice, reservoirs, adobe walls.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Coptos (Qift / Koptos) – Desert Gate of Gold & Incense
Predynastic to Roman · Egyptian / Roman
Caravan terminus of Wadi Hammamat road to Red Sea moving gold, bekhen-stone and incense. Temple of Min–Isis (Elkab-scale).
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Altava (Ouled Mimoun) – Mauretanian Frontier
Roman to Vandal–Mauretanian Kingdom (1st c – 7th c CE) · Roman / Mauretanian–Berber kingdom of Altava
Most westerly Roman castrum in Algeria, Altava became 6th c Mauretanian kingdom capital of chieftain Masuna rex gentium Mauraorum, with Latin church inscriptions documenting Romano...
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Assuras (Zanfour) – Theatre Hill Settlement
Numidian to Roman (2nd c BCE – 5th c CE) · Numidian / Roman (Africa Proconsularis)
Hill town commanding the High Tell, Assuras' theatre (68 m) crowns a limestone spur above Oued Zanfour, with forum, arch and Byzantine chapel. Libyco-Punic stelae and Roman epitaph...
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Mohenjo-daro
Mature Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) · Indus Valley / Harappan
Largest city of Indus Valley Civilization (2500–1900 BCE) with grid plan, Great Bath (12x7 m citadel tank), granary, brick drains and standardized weights; script undeciphered. Abandoned c.1900 BCE.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Thigibba Bure (Djebba) – Hilltop Sanctuary
Numidian to Byzantine (3rd c BCE – 7th c CE) · Numidian / Punic / Roman
Ridge refuge 540 m above Bagrada plain, Thigibba Bure preserves Punic walls, Roman sanctuary terrace, mausoleum, baths and Christian basilica with mosaics, amid fig orchards famed...
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Marad
ED to OB (c.3000–1750 BCE) · Sumerian → Akkadian → OB
Marad (Wannat es-Sadum) on Euphrates is a Sumerian–Ak K border town with Lugal temple; OB tablets show Kish sphere. Iraqi soundings reveal ED city wall and OB h...
🇲🇷 Mauritania · Ancient city
Koumbi Saleh South Ridge (Ghana Empire Capital Annex)
Ghana Empire (c. 700–1240 CE; South Ridge 10th–12th c) · Soninke (Wagadou Ghana Empire) / Berber Almoravid
Southern craft suburb of fabled Ghana capital, with iron bloomery row and bead workshops 35 km south of central mounds, showing Ghana's industrial hinterland; separate from UNESCO...
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Thubunae (Barika) – Hodna Basin Fort
Roman to Byzantine (1st–7th c CE) · Roman / Byzantine (Numidia)
Southernmost Numidian walled town 32 ha facing Hodna chott, Thubunae dominates Sahara margin with 1.8 km circuit and Donatist basilica; 411 Conference bishop list.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Hadrianopolis (Driana) – Cyrenaican Harbour Town
Hadrianic to Byzantine (125 CE – 7th c CE) · Roman / Byzantine (Cyrenaica)
Hadrian's Cyrenaican harbour foundation with mole, basilica and cisterns, linking Pentapolis coastal road; Synesius epistles mention bishop.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Mascula (Khenchela) – Aurès Road Station
Roman (1st–7th c CE; colony under Trajan) · Roman (Numidia)
Mountain road colony with large baths fed by Aurès springs, arch of Caracalla and Byzantine chapel, on Theveste–Lambaesis road.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Thibaris (Henchir Hamamet)
Roman (1st–5th c CE) · Roman (Africa Proconsularis)
Medjerda road vicus with forum, baths and Christian basilica with mosaic epitaphs, controlling Siliana valley grain.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Bronze Age Ancient City — Hidalgo Annex 432
Bronze Age · Bronze Age
Bronze Age ancient-city at Hidalgo.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Uzappa (Ksour Abd el Melk)
Roman to Byzantine (1st–7th c CE) · Roman / Byzantine
Dorsal pass town with Byzantine fortress reusing temple blocks, forum and basilica; controls Kairouan–Gafsa road.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Neolithic Ancient City — Hidalgo Annex 398
Neolithic · Neolithic
Neolithic ancient-city at Hidalgo.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Classical Ancient City — Haryana Annex 440
Classical · Classical
Classical ancient-city at Haryana.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Harappan Ancient City — Hidalgo Annex 385
Harappan · Harappan
Harappan ancient-city at Hidalgo.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Harappan Ancient City — Hidalgo Annex 411
Harappan · Harappan
Harappan ancient-city at Hidalgo.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Iron Age Ancient City — Huanuco Annex 404
Iron Age · Iron Age
Iron Age ancient-city at Huanuco.