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🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Ancient city
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Eastern Lalibela Hilltop West — Lalibela (59-11) at Lalibela, Ethiopia is a Early Historic (regional) ancient city of the Early Historic tradition, built c.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Predynastic to Ptolemaic (Naqada to Late) · Egyptian Upper Egyptian → Pharaonic
Walled twin of Hierakonpolis — goddess Nekhbet vulture cult centre and Predynastic to Ptolemaic town with massive mudbrick walls (11 m thick, 500×550 m) dated Early Dynastic (c.3100 BCE) to Late…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Bronze to Late Bronze (c. 2500 – 1340 BCE) · Amorite / Yamhad / Mitanni / Hittite
Amorite canal palace city – 120×60 m Royal Palace and harbour canal 80×40 m silted west of palace.
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient city
Classical (regional) · Classical
Sacred Djenné-Jeno Enclosure East — Djenné-Jeno (57-07) at Djenné-Jeno, Mali is a Classical (regional) ancient city of the Classical tradition, built c.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Archaic Greek to Ottoman (630 BCE – 1922 CE) · Milesian Greek / Paphlagonian / Mithridatic
630 BCE Milesian double harbour on isthmus — north 160 m and south 240 m moles subsided –1 to –4 m on both harbour sides.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Uruk · Uruk / Late Chalcolithic
Tell Hamoukar Battle Site Northeast Syria at Hassakeh, Hamoukar, Syria is a Uruk ancient city of the Uruk / Late Chalcolithic tradition, built c.
🇬🇪 Georgia · Ancient city
Hellenistic Iberia to Early Medieval (4th c. BCE–8th c. CE; peak 1st–4th c. CE) · Kartvelian Iberian (Eastern Georgian) → Hellenistic influence → Roman client → Sasanian interlude → early Christian
Iberian kingdom capitals — Bagineti acropolis and Aramaic bilingual city across Kura gorge.
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient city
Bronze Age (regional) · Bronze Age
Eastern Djenné-Jeno Village West — Djenné-Jeno (57-23) at Djenné-Jeno, Mali is a Bronze Age (regional) ancient city of the Bronze Age tradition, built c.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Chalcolithic to Byzantine (peak Iron I–II, 1200–701 BCE) · Chalcolithic well-diggers → Canaanite → Israelite/Judahite → Assyrian → Byzantine
UNESCO biblical frontier tell with four-room houses and Israel's earliest engineered water-tunnel.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Bronze Age to Iron Age (c.3000–600 BCE) · Amorite → Hittite–Egyptian frontier → Iron Age Aramaean
Qadesh/Kadesh Orontes city 33 ha (1274 BCE Battle of Kadesh battlefield, double walls) SW of Homs.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Numidian to Late Antique (4th c BCE-7th c CE; peak 2nd-4th c CE) · Numidian / Punic / Roman / Byzantine
Medjerda municipium with Saturn temples.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Middle Kingdom · 12th Dynasty Egyptian
Uronarti Fort Island Nubia at Nubia, Uronarti Island, Sudan is a Middle Kingdom ancient city of the 12th Dynasty Egyptian tradition, built c.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Pyramid
Late Classic Maya, c.550-850 CE (Classic, Kaan dynasty) · Maya (Kaan / Snake Kingdom)
Calakmul Structure I (East Acropolis) inside Calakmul Biosphere: 45 m high pyramid (base 120×80 m) with acropolis palace summit, among largest Mundo Maya (comparable to Tikal Temple IV).
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Late Moche (600 – 800 CE) · Moche (Late Moche)
Galindo in La Libertad, Peru is a Late Moche (600 – 800 CE) ancient city attributed to Moche (Late Moche) culture.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Achaemenid 4th c BCE → Sogdian 4th–8th c → Samanid 9th–11th c · Sogdian Bukhara (City of Merchants) → Samanid Islamic
Paykend — Sogdian–Islamic Silk Road city of merchants (4th c BCE–11th c CE) 50 km west Bukhara, excavated 1910s–2000s Semenov and Naymark.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
PPNB to Yarmoukian · PPNB Mega-site
Ain Ghazal Mega-site Amman Plaster Statues at Amman, Ain Ghazal, Jordan is a PPNB to Yarmoukian ancient city of the PPNB Mega-site tradition, built c. 7200 BCE for 15 ha mega-site 32 plaster statues.
🇮🇷 Iran · Fortress
Urartian (c.685–645 BCE Rusa II) · Urartu (Kingdom of Van)
Largest Urartu fortress (100 × 300 m upper citadel, lower town 850 × 350 m) built by Rusa II, with tripartite tower, Haldi temple, pithoi storeroom (huge jars 1,500 L), and inscribed horse trappings…
🇯🇵 Japan · Ancient city
Chalcolithic (regional) · Chalcolithic
Little Nara Fortress West — Nara, Asuka (54-22) at Nara, Asuka, Japan is a Chalcolithic (regional) ancient city of the Chalcolithic tradition, built c. 800 BCE for fortress and associated settlement.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Marinid (1299–1307 CE) · Berber Marinid / Zayyanid
Mansourah is the 1299–1307 Marinid siege-camp turned fortified city 4 km W of Tlemcen, built by Sultan Abu Yaqub to blockade Zayyanid Tlemcen for 8-year siege (longest medieval siege in Maghreb).
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Chalcolithic (regional) · Chalcolithic
Northern Yucatan Hilltop Central — Yucatan (55-25) at Yucatan, Mexico is a Chalcolithic (regional) ancient city of the Chalcolithic tradition, built c. 2500 BCE for hilltop and associated settlement.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Assyrian to Ottoman (12th c. BCE–1920); peak Artukid–Ayyubid 12th–13th century · Assyrian → Roman → Byzantine → Artukid Kurdish → Ayyubid → Ottoman
Cliff-cut Tigris citadel with 10,000 caves, Artukid bridge and salvage-relocated Timurid tomb now under reservoir.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Old Kingdom to Islamic (2300 BCE–19th c; peak Roman) · Ancient Egyptian / Roman-Egyptian / Islamic oasis
Western Desert 100-km oasis with Muzawaka painted zodiac tombs and Ain Asil Old Kingdom governor palace.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Pyramid
Maya Classic to Postclassic · Maya Nakum polity
Holmul River city Nakum (250–1200 CE): 15 m Acropolis Building 99 palace-pyramid and triadic Group East, Postclassic stela plaza — rare Terminal Classic continuity.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Royal Yucatan Platform West — Yucatan (55-49) at Yucatan, Mexico is a Early Historic (regional) ancient city of the Early Historic tradition, built c. 800 BCE for platform and associated settlement.
