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🇯🇵 Japan · Ancient village
Iron Age (regional) · Iron Age
Outer Nara Village I — Nara, Asuka (54-32) at Nara, Asuka, Japan is a Iron Age (regional) ancient village of the Iron Age tradition, built c. 3000 BCE for village and associated settlement.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B · Damascene PPNB (Aswadian)
PPNB mega-village (8700–7500 BCE, ~18 ha at peak) in the Damascus basin/ Ghuta, irrigated by the Barada, considered the place of the earliest fully domesticated emmer wheat and barley in the world.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (c.8200–7000 BCE) · PPNB (Damascus basin)
Anti-Lebanon PPNB village (c.8200–7000 BCE, plastered skulls, lime statues) 20 km SW Damascus.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Earthwork
Neolithic (regional) · Neolithic
Central Yucatan Fortress East — Yucatan (55-07) at Yucatan, Mexico is a Neolithic (regional) earthwork of the Neolithic tradition, built c. 1800 BCE for fortress and associated settlement.
🇵🇪 Peru · Earthwork
Chalcolithic (regional) · Chalcolithic
Little Cuzco Sanctuary North — Cuzco (55-28) at Cuzco, Peru is a Chalcolithic (regional) earthwork of the Chalcolithic tradition, built c. 1800 BCE for sanctuary and associated settlement.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Tell
Chalcolithic (regional) · Chalcolithic
Northern Meroe Enclosure Central — Meroe (53-42) at Meroe, Sudan is a Chalcolithic (regional) tell of the Chalcolithic tradition, built c. 3000 BCE for enclosure and associated settlement.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Pre-Pottery Neolithic to Late Chalcolithic (c.9000–5500 BCE) · Central Anatolian Neolithic → Early Chalcolithic
Cappadocian Neolithic tells (7 m high, 2 ha) in the Melendiz plain below Hasan Dağı obsidian sources. Excavated since 20...
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Early Neolithic to Early Bronze Age · Antalya-Lake District → Early Bronze (Taurus piedmont)
Neolithic to Early Bronze tell (c.6500–2800 BCE, 9 levels) at Taurus foothills / Antalya plain ecotone, excavated 1993–2004 by Refik Duru & Gülsün Umurtak.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Tell
Iron Age (regional) · Iron Age
Eastern Luxor Village West — Luxor, Thebes (53-41) at Luxor, Thebes, Egypt is a Iron Age (regional) tell of the Iron Age tradition, built c. 400 BCE for village and associated settlement.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Late Chalcolithic (Uruk) through Middle Bronze Age; EBA I–III urban · Uruk → EBA Euphrates urban → MBA Syro-Anatolian
Euphrates bend urban tell (c.3500–1600 BCE) with EBA II–III walled lower town — Chicago Atatürk Dam salvage type-site.
🇵🇪 Peru · Pyramid
Middle Sicán to Late Sicán (Lambayeque) · Sicán / Lambayeque (Moche descendant)
Sicán capital Batán Grande (800–1375 CE): 20 adobe pyramids (Huaca Loro 20 m with Lord of Sicán 2 kg gold mask and 22 sacrifices) in dry forest world-heritage necropolis.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Plaquemine to Historic Natchez (1200–1730 CE) · Plaquemine / Natchez (Muskogean)
Natchez historic capital (1200–1730 CE) — 3 Plaquemine mounds and plaza where French witnessed 1725 sacrifice.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze (3500–2200 BCE) · Late Chalcolithic North Central Anatolian → EBA extramural elite cemetery
Horoztepe Höyük Tokat Burial Mound is the extramural-cemetery knoll 200 m from Horoztepe settlement on the Kelkit plain 2 km northeast of Erbaa.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Earthwork
Neolithic (regional) · Neolithic
Eastern Potosí Citadel Inner — Potosí (55-15) at Potosí, Bolivia is a Neolithic (regional) earthwork of the Neolithic tradition, built c. 1800 BCE for citadel and associated settlement.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
New Kingdom (Akhenaten, c.1353–1336 BCE) with Ramesside reuse · Egyptian Amarna Period (Akhenaten) colonial
Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV) colonial temple-town (c.1350 BCE) with fortified enclosure 270×190 m, triple temple (Amun, Aten, western), columned hall, palace, and pyramidal elite tombs east.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Earthwork
Iron Age (regional) · Iron Age
Western Yucatan Citadel North — Yucatan (55-48) at Yucatan, Mexico is a Iron Age (regional) earthwork of the Iron Age tradition, built c. 1800 BCE for citadel and associated settlement.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Hellenistic-Parthian-Roman · Seleucid → Parthian → Roman
Macedonian-Euphrates cliff city (303 BCE–256 CE) called 'Pompeii of the Desert' — garrison of Parthian-Roman frontier buried under a Roman siege embankment that preserved the world's earliest…
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Pyramid
Indus Valley Civilisation, Mature Harappan (c.2600–1900 BCE, Harappan 3A–3C) · Indus Valley Civilisation (Harappan)
Mound AB at Harappa is the Harappan citadel (≈150×150 m, 15 m high) — massive mudbrick terraced platform dominating the 150 ha city on the Ravi.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Earthwork
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Southern Giza Citadel A — Giza (56-02) at Giza, Egypt is a Early Historic (regional) earthwork of the Early Historic tradition, built c. 2500 BCE for citadel and associated settlement.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Late Epipalaeolithic/Natufian to Pre-Pottery Neolithic B · Natufian-derived Neolithic; Euphrates Levantine
Two-period tell on the Euphrates now submerged under Lake Assad: an Epipalaeolithic hunter-gatherer village (c.13,500–12,800 cal BP) and a Pre-Pottery Neolithic village (c.11,100–9,300 cal BP) famed…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
EBA-MBA-LBA (c.3500-1200 BCE) · Euphrates EBA to Old Babylonian/Mitannian
Tell Atij (Hassek region) — buried eba-mba-lba tell/village at Hasakah Governorate.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Early Dynastic to Middle Assyrian (c.3000 BCE to 1100 BCE, peak Old Babylonian 1800–1500 BCE) · Assyrian / Mitanni / Old Babylonian (Qattara/Karana)
Major Assyrian mound Tell al-Rimah (ancient Qatara/Karana) on Sinjar plain: 600×400 m tell 30 m high with central high temple mound and Old Babylonian ziggurat stump 40×40 m, 15 m high with mudbrick…
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Late Postclassic Aztec (Mexica) · Mexica (Aztec) Triple Alliance
Dual shrine pyramid (Huitzilopochtli and Tlaloc, 1325–1519 CE) — heart of island city Tenochtitlan (population 200,000 in 1519, larger than most European capitals on Lake Texcoco), built in seven…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Early Bronze to Crusader (3000 BCE–1300 CE) · Syrian EBA → Hittite → Neo-Assyrian → Crusader County of Edessa
Tilbeşar Lower Town sprawls below the 15-m fortress mound of Turbessel — Crusader capital of the County of Edessa.
