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The catalogue
6 places to sift through. Narrow by kind, country, period or how firmly each one is established — contested and pseudoarchaeological claims are labelled here, never hidden.
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Submerged site
Iron Age Phoenician to Roman (c. 990 BCE – 500 CE) · Phoenician (Tyrian) / Persian / Hellenistic / Roman
Phoenician island city's drowned northern harbour basin – jetty and moles 2–3 m down north of Alexander's causeway.
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Submerged site
Bronze Age to Crusader (c. 3000 BCE – 1291 CE) · Canaanite-Phoenician / Egyptian / Persian / Roman / Crusader
Phoenician Sidon's drowned quay beneath Crusader Sea Castle – ashlar mole and bollards at –1.5 to –4 m.
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Submerged site
Neolithic to Medieval (c. 6000 BCE – 1300 CE) · Neolithic / Early Bronze Canaanite / Phoenician / Egyptian / Persian / Roman
World's oldest Phoenician anchorage drowned 2–5 m off Jbeil – Bronze Age anchor field and proto-mole.
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Ancient city
Neolithic to Medieval (8800 BCE–present; urban from c.5000 BCE) · Neolithic / Canaanite / Phoenician / Egyptian / Roman / Crusader
Continuously inhabited since Neolithic, Byblos is one of the oldest cities in the world. Phoenician port that gave the Bible its name (byblos = papyrus), with layers from Neolithic, Chalcolithic,…
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Ancient city
Neolithic to present (c.4000 BCE–present; Bronze Age city from 3000 BCE) · Canaanite / Phoenician / Persian / Hellenistic / Roman / Crusader / Ottoman
Third great Phoenician city-state, Sidon was famed for glassmaking, purple dye, and as mother-city of Tyre.
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Ancient city
Bronze Age to Ottoman (c.2750 BCE–present; Phoenician peak 1100–332 BCE) · Phoenician / Persian / Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine / Crusader
Phoenician island-city and legendary birthplace of Europa and Dido, Tyre dominated Mediterranean purple-dye trade.
