🇲🇱 Mali · Archaeological wonder
Bandiagara Escarpment (Land of the Dogon)
Iron Age to Living (700 BCE–present) · Toloy / Tellem / Dogon
150-km 400-m cliff with 700 Tellem caves 11th–16th c, granaries, Dogon villages and Toloy archaeology.
🇮🇳 India · Rock art
Adamgarh Rock Shelters
Mesolithic to Early Historic (8000 BCE – 1000 CE) · Mesolithic Narmada Hunter-Gatherers, Chalcolithic Malwa, Historic tribal (Gond)
Narmada quartzite 30 shelters with buffalo-hunt microlith art 8 ka–historic.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Rock art
Shuwaymis Rock Art – Jebel al-Manjor
Early Holocene humid to Bronze/Thamudic arid · Neolithic hunter-herders to Thamudic caravaneers
UNESCO escarpment with 300 panels—lions on leashed dogs and savanna fauna from Arabia's humid phase.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Kalbak-Tash II Yaloman North Terrace
Neolithic to Turkic Khaganate · Afanasievo, Okunev, Andronovo, Saka-Pazyryk, Turkic
North bank Yaloman terrace 1.8 km upstream of main Kalbak-Tash with elk-boat panels.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Rock art
Ughtasar Southeast Lava Field Petroglyphs
Early to Late Bronze via Early Iron · Kura-Araxes, Trialeti, Lchashen-Metsamor, Urartian fringe
Lower southeast lava field 1.1 km from crater lake with 380 boulders and vishap cart motifs.
🇳🇪 Niger · Rock art
Dabous Giraffe Petroglyphs
Early Holocene Bubalus Period (8000–5000 BCE) · Early Holocene Saharan hunter-pastoralists (Bubalus tradition)
Aïr life-size 5.8-m giraffes with leashes 8000–5000 BCE, largest Saharan engravings.
🇮🇳 India · Archaeological wonder
Maski
Southern Neolithic (2500–1000) → Megalithic Iron (1000–300 BCE) → Mauryan → Satavahana · Southern Neolithic → Megalithic → Mauryan
Neolithic–Megalithic–Mauryan mound (c.2500 BCE–500 CE) at Maski, Raichur Doab — hillock settlement (12 ha) with Southern Neolithic grey ware, Megalithic iron burials and the decisive Maski Rock Edict…
🇲🇼 Malawi · Rock art
Chongoni Rock-Art Area (Dedza)
Late Stone Age to Recent (1000 BCE – 1800 CE) · BaTwa hunter-gatherers, Chewa (Maravi) Bantu farmers
Malawi granite forest 127 shelters Twa white and Chewa red Chinamwali initiation art, UNESCO 476.
🇧🇬 Bulgaria · Rock art
Magura Cave Paintings
Neolithic to Iron Age (5000–1200 BCE) · Late Neolithic Karanovo, Eneolithic Gumelnița-Krivodol, Bronze Age Verbicioara
Bulgarian 2.5-km cave 700 guano paintings Neolithic to Iron Age with 366-day calendar.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Bayan-Zurkh Mountain Petroglyphs
Bronze Age to Early Modern (Karasuk to Manchu period) · Karasuk, Xiongnu, Xianbei, Turkic and Mongol Buddhist
Sacred mountain ridge northeast of Ulaanbaatar with 600 panels Bronze Age to Buddhist.
🇮🇩 Indonesia · Rock art
Leang Bulu Sipong 4 Rock Art
Late Pleistocene (43.9 ka) · Early modern humans of Wallacea (pre-Austronesian)
Sulawesi 43.9 ka therianthrope pig hunt — oldest figurative art globally.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Rock art
Tamgaly-Tas II South Bend Ili Petroglyphs
Late Bronze to Tibetan Buddhism · Andronovo, Turkic Kipchak, Oirat-Mongol Buddhist
South bend of Ili River 400 m south of main Tamgaly-Tas Buddha triad with vertical palimpsest.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Rock art
Areni-1 Upper Gallery Petroglyphs
Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze I · Late Chalcolithic Syunik-Areni, Kura-Araxes early
Upper chamber 12 m above Areni-1 winery cave with Chalcolithic lattice petroglyphs.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Rock art
Kamennyye Mogily South Ridge — Petryn Gully
Eneolithic to Early Bronze Age · Sredny Stog, Yamnaya, Catacomb
Southernmost sandstone outlier of Kamyana Mohyla island-hill, a low dome 200 m south of the main conglomerate mass exposing 12 shallow grottoes along Petryn Gully.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Rock art
Sarmishsay Upper Terrace Petroglyphs
Early Bronze to Early Islamic · Andronovo, Bactrian, Sogdian, Turkic, Samanid
Upper bench 80 m above gorge floor with caravan and Kufic mosque petroglyphs.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient village
Taforalt Cave (Grotte des Pigeons)
Middle Paleolithic to Epipalaeolithic (85,000–8,000 BP; cemetery 13,000 BCE) · Aterian / Iberomaurusian
Iberomaurusian cemetery cave Taforalt with oldest African funerary bundle and Natufian-linked DNA.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Kalbak-Tash III Chuyozy Confluence
Bronze Age to Turkic · Afanasievo, Andronovo, Pazyryk, Ancient Turk
Promontory at sacred Chuya-Katun confluence with ford-inscription and sun-wheel.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Quebrada Santo Domingo Geoglyphs
Late Formative to Early Intermediate (Salinar–Recuay) · Salinar / Recuay (Pashash)
40+ Salinar–Recuay cleared-pavement geoglyphs (500 BCE–400 CE) on Santa Valley quebrada fans.
🇨🇳 China · Rock art
Huaishan Central Helan Rock Art
Early Bronze to Western Xia (Tangut) · Zhukaigou, Ordos, Han, Western Xia (Tangut)
Zhongwei Huaishan central terrace with naturalistic ibex and Western Xia inscriptions.
🇺🇸 United States · Rock art
Newspaper Rock Petroglyphs
Basketmaker to Historic Ute (500 BCE – 1850 CE) · Basketmaker-Anasazi (Ancestral Pueblo), Fremont, Navajo, Ute
Utah Wingate cliff 650 figures 500 BCE–19th c. palimpsest from Basketmaker to Ute.
🇺🇸 United States · Geoglyph
Bouse Fisherman Intaglio (Fisherman Geoglyph)
Late Prehistoric (Patayan) · Yuman (Mojave/Quechan)
9-m Fisherman intaglio (900–1200 CE) on Plomosa piedmont — spearman with fish and sun.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Cave
Lapa do Santo
Early Holocene (c.12000–8000 BCE) Lagoa Santa Paleoindian · Lagoa Santa Paleoindian (Luzia horizon)
Lapa do Santo is a Lower Karst limestone rockshelter at Mocambeiro, northern Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, at 730 m.
🇵🇪 Peru · Archaeological wonder
Pikimachay Cave (Pikimachay Ayacucho)
Pleistocene? contested 20,000 BP + secure Early Holocene 9,000 BCE – Formative 1800 BCE · Pacaicasa – Ayacucho Preceramic → Wari?
Deep limestone cave 30 m entrance, 13 m depth in Ayacucho basin: stratified sequence spanning Pleistocene to Formative with contested earliest layers (Pikimachay phase 20,000–12,000 BP lithic…
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Tsagaan Salaa Southwest Baga Oigor
Middle Bronze to Orkhon Turkic · Andronovo, Karasuk, Pazyryk, Turkic
Southwest lower gorge with Bronze sun-heads to Turkic tamgas gateway.