🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Toricos — Cape Toretae Southern Harbour (Anapa South Cape)
Archaic to Hellenistic (560 BCE – 50 BCE) · Toretae Maeotian / Greek
Southern cape harbour of Toricos at Toretae Cape — 45 m jetty at –2.5 m and breakwater spur.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Olbia Pontica — Lower Town Harbour Second Phase (Bug Liman)
Archaic to Late Roman (647 BCE – 4th c. CE) · Milesian Greek
Milesian Dnieper–Bug emporium — second-phase lower harbour terrace 2–6 m submerged under Bug Liman estuary.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Quseir al-Qadim — Mangrove Harbour Extension at Marsa Nakari West (Leukos Limen West)
Roman to Mamluk (25 BCE – 1450 CE) · Roman / Islamic (Ayyubid-Mamluk)
Western mangrove bay of Quseir al-Qadim at Marsa Nakari west — gypsum quay at –1.2 m and 14th c. Islamic warehouses.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Quseir al-Qadim — Mangrove Harbour Extension at Marsa Nakari West (Leukos Limen West) — v2
Roman to Mamluk (25 BCE – 1450 CE) · Roman / Islamic (Ayyubid-Mamluk)
Western mangrove bay of Quseir al-Qadim at Marsa Nakari west — gypsum quay at –1.2 m and 14th c. Islamic warehouses.
🇮🇱 Israel · Submerged site
Ashkelon – Submerged Canaanite–Philistine Anchorage and Dog-Harbour
Early Bronze to Crusader (c. 3500 BCE – 1270 CE) · Canaanite / Philistine / Phoenician / Hellenistic / Roman / Crusader
Philistine pentapolis roadsteads – anchor fields and rubble dog-leg breakwater 2–4 m offshore of Ashkelon tell.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Submerged site
Qana – Incense Harbour of Hadramawt, Bir Ali
South Arabian to Himyarite (c. 500 BCE – 630 CE) · Hadrami / Himyarite
Hadrami sea harbour rock-cut channel 600 m at –0.5 m off Bir Ali – mole with incense altars.
🇮🇳 India · Submerged site
Poompuhar – Sangam Drowned Port of Kaveripumpattinam
Iron Age Sangam to Early Chola (c. 500 BCE – 500 CE) · Tamil Sangam / Early Chola
Sangam Chola drowned wharf 1.5 km at –2 to –4 m off Kaveri mouth – U-breakwater at –4 m.
🇮🇱 Israel · Submerged site
Akko (Acre) – Ptolemais Submerged Crusader Harbour
Middle Bronze to Ottoman (c. 2000 BCE – 1917 CE) · Canaanite / Phoenician / Hellenistic / Roman / Crusader / Ottoman
Crusader capital's double harbour – Hellenistic mole 100 m at –3 m and Tower of Flies islet mole submerged.
🇮🇹 Italy · Submerged site
Motya – Punic Causeway Harbour, Isola di Mozia
Phoenician to Classical (c. 800–397 BCE) · Phoenician / Carthaginian
Phoenician lagoon island with 1 km submerged causeway at –0.5 m and cothon harbour, Stagnone.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Submerged site
Thabraca (Tabarka) – Numidian–Roman Double Harbour
Numidian to Genoese (c. 400 BCE – 1542 CE) · Numidian / Carthaginian / Roman / Genoese
Numidian marble-shipping double harbour – causeway at –0.5 m and Roman quay at –1 m off Tabarka island.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Porthmion — Chushka Spit Harbour at Chushka North (Kerch Strait Chushka)
Classical to Late Antique (5th c. BCE – 370 CE) · Bosporan Greek
Chushka Spit ferry harbour of Porthmion at Kerch Strait — 100 m rubble causeway at –2 m with wheel ruts and customs quay 60 m.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Porthmion — Chushka Spit Harbour at Chushka North (Kerch Strait Chushka) — v2
Classical to Late Antique (5th c. BCE – 370 CE) · Bosporan Greek
Chushka Spit ferry harbour of Porthmion at Kerch Strait — 100 m rubble causeway at –2 m with wheel ruts and customs quay 60 m.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Naupactus – Venetian–Ancient Harbour at Lepanto
Classical to Venetian (456 BCE – 1571 CE) · Athenian / Aetolian / Venetian
Athenian-to-Venetian harbour – Classical mole at –1 m under Venetian mole at Lepanto.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Pantikapaion — Mithridates Harbour North Mole (Kerch Bay) — v2
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 370 CE) · Milesian Greek / Bosporan Kingdom
North mole of Bosporan capital Pantikapaion at Kerch Bay — 140 m ashlar-concrete mole at –2 m.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Mersa Gawasis — 12th Dynasty Southern Anchorage at Mersa South (Saww South)
Middle Kingdom (2000 – 1650 BCE) · Middle Kingdom Egyptian
Southern 12th dynasty anchorage of Mersa Gawasis — slipway 80 m at –1 m with copper workshop 6 m behind reef bar.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Mersa Gawasis — 12th Dynasty Southern Anchorage at Mersa South (Saww South) — v2
Middle Kingdom (2000 – 1650 BCE) · Middle Kingdom Egyptian
Southern 12th dynasty anchorage of Mersa Gawasis — slipway 80 m at –1 m with copper workshop 6 m behind reef bar.
🇮🇱 Israel · Submerged site
Jaffa (Tel Yafo) – Ancient Harbour of the Andromeda Reef
Middle Bronze to Ottoman (c. 1800 BCE – 1917 CE) · Canaanite / Egyptian / Phoenician / Persian / Hellenistic / Roman / Crusader / Ottoman
Biblical reef harbour of Andromeda – Byzantine seawall and Ottoman jetty 1–5 m down in Andromeda Reef gap.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Zea and Munichia – Athenian War Harbours of Piraeus
Archaic to Hellenistic (493 BCE – 86 BCE Sulla siege) · Classical Athenian
Themistoclean war harbours where 196 trireme sheds launched the fleet of Salamis — slipways still under 6–8 m harbour water.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Abdera — Submerged Archaic Harbour at Avdira (Thrace Bulustra)
Archaic to Hellenistic (656 BCE – 200 BCE) · Clazomenian / Teian Ionian Greek
Clazomenian Archaic harbour of Abdera at Bulustra lagoon — 90 m mole at –2 m and walls 400 m, Thrace intelektual port.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Abdera — Submerged Archaic Harbour at Avdira (Thrace Bulustra) — v2
Archaic to Hellenistic (656 BCE – 200 BCE) · Clazomenian / Teian Ionian Greek
Clazomenian Archaic harbour of Abdera at Bulustra lagoon — 90 m mole at –2 m and walls 400 m, Thrace intelektual port.
🇬🇪 Georgia · Submerged site
Dioscurias–Sebastopolis – Milesian Twin Harbour under Sukhumi Bay
Archaic Greek to Byzantine (6th c. BCE – 6th c. CE) · Milesian Greek / Colchian / Roman
Milesian colony 6th c. BCE now –5 to –9 m under Sukhumi Bay — 400-m Hellenistic mole and Roman fortress half under sea promenade.
🇨🇾 Cyprus · Submerged site
Kourion Harbour – Submerged Anchorage at Episkopi Bay
Hellenistic to Early Byzantine (c. 300 BCE – 550 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman / Early Byzantine
Roman quay at –2 m beneath Kourion cliffs – anchorage with amphora piles at –8 m, Episkopi Bay.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Rhinocolura (El-Arish) – Submerged Pelusian Harbour of the Sinai Gates
New Kingdom to Roman (c. 1500 BCE – 400 CE) · Egyptian New Kingdom / Philistine / Ptolemaic / Roman
Sinai gate lagoon harbour – Bardawil quay walls and fish-salting vats at –1 m guarding Via Maris.
🇨🇾 Cyprus · Submerged site
Kato Paphos Harbour – Submerged Breakwater
Hellenistic to Byzantine (320 BCE – 600 CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine
Ptolemaic harbour breakwater 300 m at –1.5 m off Paphos castle – quay at –1 m.