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🇪🇨 Ecuador · Ancient city
Late Horizon Inca (c.1470–1532 CE) – Cañari antecedents · Inca (Tupaq Yupanki – Wayna Qhapaq) over Cañari
Pumapungo is the Inca palace-garden quarter of Tomebamba, Wayna Qhapaq's planned northern capital in modern Cuenca at 2,550 m.
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Fortress
Late Horizon Inca (c.1480–1534 CE) – Yumbo anterior occupation · Inca – Yumbo (pre-Inca)
Rumicucho (Kichwa rumi stone + cucho corner/hill) is the northernmost Inca fortress-temple of Pichincha, 13 km north of Quito at Mitad del Mundo (Equator monument zone) at 2,420 m.
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Pyramid
Archaic to Formative (Valdivia parallel) · Mayo-Chinchipe culture (Andean-Amazon)
Upper Amazon-Andean platform Santa Ana-La Florida (5300–2500 BCE) near Limón: 80×80 m stone spiral pyramid-mound with hearth plaza — earliest cacao (3300 BCE) and turquoise trade site.
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Archaeological wonder
Ca. Cañari 900–1460 CE + Late Horizon Inca 1460–1532 CE · Cañari + Inca (Quechua, Tawantinsuyu frontier, Inca–Cañari mestizo architecture)
Highest Inca administrative-religious center in Ecuador and sole true Inca site with ashlar (Inca) + adobe Cañari fusion: elliptical Temple of the Sun (39×15 m mortised ashlar ellipse unique in Inca…
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Ancient city
Late Horizon Inca Imperial 1490–1533 CE · Inca (Tomebamba Cañari–Inca)
Huayna Cápac's northern capital second to Cuzco: Pumapungo 40 ha palace, kallanka and 300 m aqueduct under modern Cuenca.
