🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Sadd el-Kafara – Wadi Garawi Old Kingdom Dam
Early Old Kingdom (Djoser–Sneferu) · Old Kingdom Egyptians (Memphite)
World's oldest dam (2650 BCE)—110-m Old Kingdom embankment diverting Wadi Garawi floods.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Aswan Old Dam South Spillway
British-Egyptian Modern with Pharaonic quarry context · British-Egyptian engineers (Willcocks, Benetti) on Pharaonic Nile
South spillway 350 m south of Aswan Low Dam with 58 buttress sluices on granite outcrop.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Sadd el-Kafara North Embankment Wadi Garawi
Old Kingdom · 4th Dynasty Egypt (Sneferu to Khufu horizon)
North wing 55 m of world's oldest large dam (Old Kingdom) breached during construction.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Aswan First Cataract North Canal
Old Kingdom to Ptolemaic · Old–New Kingdom Pharaonic, Ptolemaic Greek Egyptian
2.1-km Pharaonic granite canal linking unfinished obelisk quarry to First Cataract Nile.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Seila Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 3rd–early 4th Dynasty (~2630–2600 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian
Fayum provincial step pyramid on Gebel el-Rus (c.2630 BCE, up to Sneferu), 25 m base, 6.8 m high, four steps.