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🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan · Ancient city
Samanid → Karakhanid → Qara Khitai → Mongol 9–14 c. CE · Perso-Islamic Samanid → Turkic Karakhanid (Qarakhanid)
Karakhanid capital Balasagun (c.10–14 c. CE) in the Chu Valley near Tokmok — 36 ha shahristan (650×560 m) with the iconic Burana minaret (24 m surviving, originally 45 m, 11 c., Karakhanid brickwork…
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan · Ancient city
Sogdian 6–8 c. → Karluks 8–9 c. → Qarakhanid 10–12 c. · Sogdian → Turkic Khaganate → Qarakhanid (Chu Silk Road)
Sogdian Navekat city (6–12 c. CE) at Krasnaya Rechka 18 km west Suyab — 20 ha shahristan with 3 m Buddha vs Suyab's khagan palace.
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan · Ancient city
Sogdian → Western Turkic → Karakhanid 6–12 c. CE · Sogdian–Turkic (Silk Road Sogdian colony, Nestorian–Buddhist)
Major Sogdian–Turkic Silk Road city (c.6–12 c. CE) at Krasnaya Rechka village in the Chu Valley — 45 ha shahristan (700×550 m, walls 10 m high), Buddhist monastery 30×25 m with 5 m Buddha,…
