🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Feyda
Halaf–Ubaid (c.5700–4200 BCE) · Halaf → Ubaid northern
Khabur headwaters Halaf–Ubaid tell 7 m high (tholoi, dark-faced ware) at spring source.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Tell Umm al-Marra
Early Bronze Age III–IV (c.2700–2000 BCE) · Syrian EBA (Ebla–Marra corridor)
Jabbul EB walled town 20 ha (c.2700–2000 BCE, shaft tombs with equid teams, gold jewellery).
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Sukas (Shuksu)
MBA through Classical · Canaanite MBA → Ugaritic Shuksi (LB) → Phoenician → Greek emporion
Syrian coastal harbour tell (Shuksi) with MBA to Greek emporion — MBA Canaanite, LB Mycenaean imports and Phoenician Euboean emporion, Danish 1958 dig.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Ghoraife
PPNB to Late Neolithic (c.8200–6000 BCE) · Damascus PPNB → Yarmukian Pottery Neolithic
Ghouta oasis PPNB–PN village (c.8200–6000 BCE, Ghouta farming) 35 km S Damascus.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Taban (Ṭābetu)
Old Babylonian–Mittani (1900–1350 BCE) – Tabetu · Hurrian–Mittani
Old Babylonian–Mittani (1900–1350 BCE) – Tabetu Hurrian–Mittani tell at Al-Hasakah Governorate, Lower Khabur – city-state tabetu on khabur with cuneiform archive (dims 23 ha city with southern palace archive mound).
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Palmyra
Hellenistic to Roman (Palmyrene Empire interlude) · Aramaean Palmyrene → Roman
Desert oasis emporium on Silk Road (1st c. BCE–273 CE) — 'Bride of the Desert' — caravans of Queen Zenobia who challenged Rome (267–272 CE, sacked by Aurelian).
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Tell Brak (Nagar) (Al-Hasakah Governorate, Khabur Triangle)
Chalcolithic to Mitanni-Akkadian to Late Bronze · North Mesopotamian (Uruk → Akkadian → Hurrian)
Huge early city ('city without a state' per Oates) occupied 6000 BCE–1300 CE, peaking as Nagar kingdom (2600–2200 BCE) with Mitanni palace (1500 BCE) and Akkadian Naram-Sin palace.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Ebla
Early Bronze IVA–B (2400–1600 BCE) · Eblaite Semitic (Northwest Semitic)
Syrian superpower Ebla (c.3500–1600 BCE) with double-walled city (60 ha) and Royal Palace G — where Paolo Matthiae 1975 found the Ebla archive: 17,000 cuneiform tablets in Sumerian and Eblaite…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Bazi
Early–Middle Bronze (2600–1600 BCE) · Euphrates EB – Mitanni
Early–Middle Bronze (2600–1600 BCE) Euphrates EB – Mitanni tell at Raqqa Governorate, Tabqa Dam zone – twin northern town with tell banat across euphrates branch (dims 15 ha northern citadel with Mittani temple).
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Mari
Early Dynastic to Old Babylonian (Shakkanakku to Zimri-Lim) · Sumerian → Amorite Mariote
Middle Euphrates great city (c.2900–1759 BCE) controlling trade between Sumer and Amorite west, with the 2.5 ha Palace of Zimri-Lim (260 rooms, frescoes — Investiture of Zimri-Lim at Louvre) and the…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Tell Munbaqa
Early–Late Bronze Age (c.2400–1000 BCE) · Syrian Bronze Age (Ekalte)
Euphrates walled city 20 ha (2.5 km double wall, Ekalte Old Babylonian tablets) near Tabqa Lake.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Khamis
Halaf–Early Bronze Age (c.5600–2300 BCE) · Halaf → Ubaid → EBA Syro-Mesopotamian
Interfluve tell 9 m high (Halaf–Ubaid–EB, shaft tombs, black-burnished ware) between Euphrates and Sajur.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Acharneh
Early Bronze Age to Hellenistic (c.3000–300 BCE) · Syrian EBA → Aramaean → Neo-Hittite fringe
Ghāb Orontes fortress tell 12 ha (EB glacis, Iron Age Aramaean town Tunip/Qarqar) in Ghāb swamp.
🇸🇾 Syria · Temple complex
Tell Ain Dara
Late Bronze – Iron Age II (Syro-Hittite) · Hittite – Syro-Hittite (Aramaean)
Syro-Hittite temple (1300–740 BCE) with 1-m footprints and sphinxes — Solomon's Temple parallel, destroyed 2018.
🇸🇾 Syria · Archaeological wonder
Citadel of Aleppo
3rd millennium BCE to present (Yamhad Bronze Age peak; current fortress 12th–13th c CE) · Amorite (Yamhad) / Hittite / Neo-Hittite / Hellenistic / Ayyubid / Mamluk / Ottoman
One of the oldest continuously fortified mounds in the world, Aleppo citadel occupies a 45 m-high tell (Yamhad kingdom capital c.1800 BCE).
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Kashkashok III
Ubaid–Uruk (5200–3100 BCE) · Ubaid – Uruk
Ubaid–Uruk (5200–3100 BCE) Ubaid – Uruk tell at Al-Hasakah Governorate, Khabur tributary – ubaid–uruk village on khabur tributary (dims Mound 2 ha, 6 m Ubaid–Uruk).
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Baiqa
Early Bronze (3000–2200 BCE) · EB South Levantine (Ghouta)
Early Bronze (3000–2200 BCE) EB South Levantine (Ghouta) tell at Damascus Basin, Ghouta fringe – eb walled town on damascus oasis fringe (dims Mound 8 ha, wall 8 m thick).
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Apamea
Seleucid to Byzantine Crusader · Seleucid → Roman → Byzantine
Seleucid garrison city and military elephant depot (Seleucus' 500 Indian elephants), later Roman Apamea with the grandest colonnaded cardo in the East — 1,850 m long, 37 m wide, 1,200 columns with…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Bderi
Late Bronze to Neo-Assyrian (c.1600–600 BCE) · Mitanni Hurrian → Middle Assyrian
Stratified 7-m Khabur village documenting Mitanni–Assyrian agrarian collapse and recovery; Pfälzner exposed Mitanni granary with barley, then Middle Assyrian canal-side settlement with large storage…
🇸🇾 Syria · Pyramid
Tell Kazane — Euphrates Terrace Town Mound
Early Bronze Age (EB I–II, c. 3000–2500 BCE) · Euphrates Early Bronze, Kranzhügel culture precursor
Tell on Euphrates terrace south of Carchemish, excavated by Algaze and Breunig as part of Euphrates salvage, revealing Early Bronze planned town with orthogonal streets, temple on high terrace and…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell el-Fekheriye (Sikkan / Washukanni?)
Middle Bronze to neo-Assyrian (c.2000 BCE–700 BCE), peak Middle Assyrian · Mitanni Washukanni? / Sikkan Assyrian
Spring-resurgent mound with 1.5-m deep Middle Assyrian level and 9th-c. bilingual Old Aramaic–Old Assyrian Hadad statue inscription (stated first to transcribe Akkadian into Aramaic).
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Qatna
Early Bronze to Late Bronze (Amorite Hurrian) · Amorite then Hurrian-Mitanni Egyptian orbit
Mighty Middle Bronze (c.2800–1340 BCE) kingdom city of Qatna controlling eastern Homs basin, with 1 km-square royal palace (largest Bronze Age palace in Syria, 10,000 m²) and intact royal hypogeum…
🇸🇾 Syria · Archaeological wonder
Krak des Chevaliers
Crusader to Mamluk (11th c Kurdish fort; Hospitaller 1142–1271; Mamluk after 1271) · Kurdish / Frankish (Hospitaller) / Mamluk
Paradigmatic concentric Crusader castle, Krak des Chevaliers was built by Kurdish emir and expanded by Knights Hospitaller 1142–1271.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Mastuma
Early Bronze III – Iron II (to Late Roman) · Amorite/Aramaean – Luwian
Idlib plain fortified tell (2500–550 BCE) with 30-season Japanese excavation sequence.