🇫🇷 France · Rock art
Cosquer Cave
Gravettian–Solutrean ~27–19 ka BP · Gravettian–Solutrean coastal
Submerged 27 ka painted cave 37 m under Mediterranean with great-auk and hand stencils.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock-cut
El-Hawawish
Old Kingdom to Middle Kingdom (2700–1800 BCE; peak 2300–2100 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian
El-Hawawish is the Old–Middle Kingdom cliff necropolis of Akhmim (Panopolis, 9th nome) on eastern desert edge, 800+ rock-cut tombs 3000–1800 BCE on 1.5 km wadi terrace.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Kurt Tepe South Stone Hills
PPNA · Taş Tepeler
Kurt Tepe South Stone Hills at Şanlıurfa, Kurt Tepe, Turkey is a PPNA temple complex of the Taş Tepeler tradition, built c. 9500 BCE for southernmost stone hill lion statue.
🇰🇭 Cambodia · Earthwork
Lower Angkor Mound B — Angkor (60-50)
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
Lower Angkor Mound B — Angkor (60-50) at Angkor, Cambodia is a Medieval (regional) contested of the Medieval tradition, built c. 800 BCE for mound and associated settlement.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Mons Claudianus
Roman Imperial (1st–4th c. CE; peak Trajan–Hadrian 98–138 CE) · Roman (Imperial quarrying)
Mons Claudianus is a remote Eastern Desert granodiorite (quartz-diorite) imperial quarry, 700 m altitude between Nile and Red Sea, source of grey column shafts for Pantheon, Trajan's Forum and Villa…
🇧🇬 Bulgaria · Submerged site
Nessebar (Mesembria) – Drowned Peninsula
Thracian to Ottoman (6th c. BCE – 1453+) · Thracian / Megarian Greek / Roman / Byzantine / Bulgarian / Ottoman
610 BCE Megarian peninsula city whose western fortifications now lie 4 m underwater.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Rock art
Royal Axum Citadel Inner — Axum (57-48)
Iron Age (regional) · Iron Age
Royal Axum Citadel Inner — Axum (57-48) at Axum, Ethiopia is a Iron Age (regional) rock art of the Iron Age tradition, built c. 800 CE for citadel and associated settlement.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Sefer Tepe PPN Quarry Hill
PPNB · Taş Tepeler
Sefer Tepe PPN Quarry Hill at Şanlıurfa, Sefer Tepe, Turkey is a PPNB temple complex of the Taş Tepeler tradition, built c. 8700 BCE for quarry and unfinished t-pillar hill.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Submerged site
Utica — Harbour North Channel (Bizerte, Tunisia)
Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze–Iron Age maritime
Utica — Harbour North Channel (Bizerte, Tunisia) in Bizerte, Utica, Tunisia is a Bronze Age to Classical (2000 BCE–500 CE) submerged city attributed to Bro…
🇿🇦 South Africa · Ancient city
Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape
Early to Middle Iron Age (K2 culture 1000–1220; Mapungubwe phase 1220–1290 CE) · Gokomere-Zhizo / Kalanga-Shona precursor / Mapungubwe culture
Iron Age kingdom (900–1290 CE) on Shashe–Limpopo confluence, Mapungubwe was southern Africa's earliest class-stratified state: elite on Mapungubwe Hill, commoners at foot, gold working – famous gold…
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Thibilis (Announa)
Numidian to Byzantine (4th c BCE-7th c CE; peak 2nd-3rd c CE) · Numidian / Roman / Christian
Hercules city Thibilis.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Western Eridu Mound I — Eridu (53-37)
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
Western Eridu Mound I — Eridu (53-37) at Eridu, Iraq is a Medieval (regional) ancient city of the Medieval tradition, built c. 1800 BCE for mound and associated settlement.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Zincirli
Iron Age (c.1000–676 BCE) plus Bronze substrate · Aramaean–Neo-Hittite Samʾal
Iron Age Samʾal 40 ha triple-walled (Kuttamuwa Stele, lion orthostats) in Islahiye valley.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
New Eridu Enclosure West — Eridu (53-29)
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
New Eridu Enclosure West — Eridu (53-29) at Eridu, Iraq is a Medieval (regional) tell of the Medieval tradition, built c. 2500 BCE for enclosure and associated settlement.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Chersonesus Taurica – Submerged Quays (Chersonesos)
Classical to Medieval (422 BCE – 14th c. CE) · Doric Greek / Bosporan / Roman / Byzantine / Kievan Rus' orbit
422 BCE Doric Black Sea polis whose harbour quarter now lies under Quarantine Bay.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Harran Tell — Ancient Mound North Trench (Harran)
Chalcolithic to Bronze Age (4500–1200 BCE) · Chalcolithic–Early Bronze
Harran Tell — Ancient Mound North Trench (Harran) in Şanlıurfa, Harran Tell, Turkey is a Chalcolithic to Bronze Age (4500–1200 BCE) tell attributed to Chal…
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Hazor
Early Bronze to Hellenistic · Canaanite → Israelite → Assyrian
Largest Canaanite and Israelite tell in Israel (100 ha total: 12 ha upper acropolis + 70 ha lower city) — 'head of all those kingdoms' (Joshua 11:10) — with Middle Bronze earthen ramparts, Late…
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Archaeological wonder
Star Carr Mesolithic Settlement
Early Mesolithic (~9000–8500 BCE) · Early Mesolithic British (Maglemosian)
Peat-preserved lake-shore settlement at Lake Flixton where Grahame Clark in 1949–51 uncovered a 12-m timber platform of split birch, 21 red deer antler frontlets drilled for wearing as headdresses,…
🇨🇳 China · Pyramid
New Xi an Terrace East — Xi an (56-05)
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
New Xi an Terrace East — Xi an (56-05) at Xi an, China is a Medieval (regional) pyramid of the Medieval tradition, built c. 200 CE for terrace and associated settlement.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Tell
Tall al-‘Umayri (Tell el-Umeiri)
EB through Persian; LB-Iron I transition key · Ammonite frontier; EB Canaanite → LB Canaanite/Ammonite
Ammonite wadi fortress with earliest Levantine four-room house (13th c. BCE) — LB-Iron citadel, casemate-rampart and Persian farm in Madaba Plains.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Archaeological wonder
Wadi Feynan and Wadi Arabah Copper Belt
Chalcolithic to Byzantine (c.4100 BCE–600 CE; peak Iron Age II) · Egyptian New Kingdom (eastern Timna sphere) → Edomite/Neo-Assyrian desert polity → Nabataean → Roman chrome convict mines
Jordanian Arabah slag-mountain copper belt — Iron Age Edomite desert industry outweighing Timna.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Ayanis
Late Urartian Kingdom (early 7th century BCE) · Urartian (Biainili) late imperial
Rusa II's earthquake-collapsed Haldi temple-fortress with 4,000 bronze votives frozen mid-repair.
🇮🇷 Iran · Temple complex
Takht-e Soleyman — Throne of Solomon and Azargoshnasb Fire Temple
Sasanian Empire 224–651 CE (peak 5th–7th century) → Ilkhanid 13th century reuse · Sasanian Zoroastrian → Ilkhanid Mongol Islamic palace phase
Sasanian Great Fire temple on a 120 m artesian lake — shahs' coronation sanctuary, later Ilkhanid palace.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Alacahöyük
Chalcolithic to Phrygian (c.4500–700 BCE; peak EB III and Hittite Empire) · Hattian → Hittite (Nesite) → Phrygian
Hattian–Hittite fortified city with Sphinx Gate and Early Bronze royal tombs rich in solar-disk bronzes.