🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Andenes of the Colca Canyon
Middle Horizon to Inca ~800–1532 CE · Collagua and Cabana then Inca
Collagua 1,000 km of canyon-edge andenería integrating amunas and qochas still irrigated.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Pyramid
Mound-Down Pyramid
Jōmon (14000–300 BCE) · Jōmon
Mound-Down Pyramid in Piauí, Brazil is a Jōmon (14000–300 BCE) pyramid attributed to Jōmon culture.
🇦🇺 Australia · Earthwork
Brewarrina Aboriginal Fish Traps (Baiame's Ngunnhu)
Aboriginal estimated 40,000 BP to historical (continuous); documented >3,000 years · Ngemba / Murrawarri / Ualkay Aboriginal
Estimated 40,000-year-old stone weir complex on Barwon River comprising four traps across 500 m with crescent stone walls 2.5 m high guiding fish into pens, attributed to ancestral creation being…
🇦🇹 Austria · Hillfort
Gars–Thunau Hillfort
Urnfield to Medieval, peak 9th–10th century (Great Moravian fringe) · Great Moravian / Bavarian–Carolingian borderland
Large fortified hilltop at Thunau am Kamp (Gars) 25 km north of Danube (80 km NW Vienna), with 33 ha plateau, multiple ramparts ( Iron Age core revived late 9th c as 4 ha Slavic fort), associated…
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Hampi Vittala Temple Complex
Vijayanagara Empire 15th–16th c. (1336–1565 peak) · Vijayanagara Hindu (Kannada-Telugu)
Vittala Temple (1513 under Krishnadevaraya) – Vijayanagara's sculptural apex: Garuda stone chariot (temple car shrine), 56 musical pillars (Saregama columns emitting seven notes), 3-tower gopuram,…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Cave
Hillfort Cave
Ubaid (6500–3800 BCE) · Ubaid
Hillfort Cave in Aswan Governorate, Egypt is a Ubaid (6500–3800 BCE) cave attributed to Ubaid culture.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Quarry
Quarry of Sura-Hillfort
Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) · Harappan
Quarry of Sura-Hillfort in Hadramawt, Yemen is a Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) quarry attributed to Harappan culture.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Jebel Uweinat Rock Art Plateau
Early to Middle Holocene (8000–3000 BCE) · Saharan hunter-pastoral (Gilf Kebir tradition)
Jebel Uweinat (1,934m) – tri-border massif (Egypt-Libya-Sudan) with Gilf Kebir hunter-pastoral rock art (8000–3000 BCE): cattle, giraffe, ostrich and archer scenes; Ayrton-McMahon 1900s surveys;…
🇮🇹 Italy · Megalith
Luma Standing Stones
Nazca (100 BCE–800 CE) · Nazca
Luma Standing Stones in Sicily, Italy is a Nazca (100 BCE–800 CE) megalithic attributed to Nazca culture.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Sanchi Stupa Complex
Maurya to Gupta, 3rd c. BCE–5th c. CE, Great Stupa Ashoka 260 BCE expanded 2nd c. BCE · Buddhist (Maurya, Shunga, Satavahana, Gupta)
Ashokan hemispherical stupa with four sculpted torana gateways - genesis of Buddhist architecture.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Wadi Rum Nabataean Cisterns
Nabataean 2nd c. BCE–106 CE with Thamudic rock art use · Nabataean (Arab Petra sphere)
Wadi Rum (Iram) – Nabataean desert hydraulic landscape: free-standing dams (Abu Khashabah), rock-cut cisterns (bir, e.g., Lawrence spring cistern), channelized Jabal Rum seep capture and 300+…
🇪🇸 Spain · Rock art
Cave of El Castillo Polychrome
Upper Paleolithic (40,800 BCE Aurignacian to Magdalenian) · Aurignacian, Gravettian, Magdalenian (Homo sapiens & Neanderthal debate)
Cave of El Castillo (Monte Castillo, Puente Viesgo) – UNESCO Paleolithic Cave Art 1985: 40,800-year-old red ochre stencilled hand (U-Th oldest in Europe, possibly Neanderthal), bison, horses, cervids…
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Tamuda (Tetouan)
Mauretanian to Late Roman (2nd c BCE–5th c CE; peak 1st–3rd c CE) · Mauri / Phoenician / Roman
Moorish–Roman Tamuda at Tetouan with Punic fort and garum factories destroyed AD 40.
🇮🇹 Italy · Temple complex
Segesta
Classical 430–420 BCE temple, theater 3rd c. BCE Hellenistic · Elymian (Trojan-origin indigenous beholden to Greek culture)
Unfinished 5th c. Doric temple and mountaintop theater of Trojan-descended Elymians.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Somnath Temple Gujarat
Chaulukya 11th c. reconstruction; current 1951 · Gujarati Hindu (Chaulukya/Solanki)
Somnath Jyotirlinga – 12 shrines legend first jyotirlinga, at Prabhas Patan Triveni sangam. Chalukya 11th c.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Rock art
Areni-1 Bird Cave South — Aghavnadzor Secondary Chamber
Chalcolithic to Medieval (4000 BCE – 1400 CE) · Kura-Araxes to medieval Armenian
South annex with Chalcolithic finger flutings and secondary grape press pit.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Atacama Giant
Late Intermediate 900–1450 CE · Atacameño / Pica-Tarapacá culture influenced by Tiwanaku
World's largest anthropomorphic geoglyph: 119-m hill figure marking caravan trails.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Tell
Ataruz
Iron Age (c.1200–700 BCE; Moabite 900–700, destruction c.700) · Moabite → Israelite (Gad?) → Assyrian destruction
Khirbat Ataruz is likely biblical Ataroth (Numbers 32, Mesha Stele) — massive moat, double wall and Iron complex: gate, cultic building with horned altar, bull...
🇿🇦 South Africa · Rock art
Cederberg Stadsaal Caves Rock Art
Late Stone Age 10,000 BCE–19th c. CE · San (Khoisan)
Cederberg Stadsaal – Cape Fold Mountains sandstone domes and caves with Late Stone Age San rock art in Stadsaal Caves (Elephant Processional panel, 500–1600 CE), Sevilla Trail 130-site route.
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Moche Canal System and Puquios
Moche 100–800 CE; Wari continuation · Moche (La Libertad)
Moche Canal System – north coast Peru Moche Valley hydraulic (100–800 CE): 30 km intervalley canals (La Cumbre, Ascope) diverting Moche River to arid Chicama, puquios spiral-wells tapping aquifer…
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Yaxnohcah
Middle Preclassic to Late Classic 1000 BCE–950 CE, Mirador Basin fluorescence · Maya (Mirador Basin Preclassic)
Huge Preclassic center on basin SE ridge 15 km N of Calakmul: massive E-Group (355 m platform) aligning equinox sunrise, Triadic Structure A 30 m pyramid, and Late Classic intrusive occupation after…
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Hampi Aqueducts and Stepped Tanks
Vijayanagara 14th–16th c. · Vijayanagara Hindu
Hampi hydraulic – Vijayanagara capital's Tungabhadra canal system: 15 km Raya canal, aqueduct on pillars crossing 2-tier, Pushkarini stepped tanks (6.8m deep chlorite schist, geometric black basalt…
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Moundville Archaeological Park
Mississippian 1000–1450 CE, apogee 1200–1350 CE · Mississippian (ancestral Choctaw/Chickasaw)
29-mound plaza center with grand chief's platform mound above Black Warrior River.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Qanat of Gonabad
Achaemenid to Sassanian (~700 BCE – 300 CE) · Persian (Achaemenid, Sassanian)
Possibly the oldest and deepest qanat in Iran, the Qasabeh Qanat of Gonabad extends 33 km with a mother-well 300 m deep — the deepest vertical shaft ever hand-dug.