🇵🇹 Portugal · Megalith
Cromlech of Xarez — Alqueva Flood Rescue Circle Olhoslake
Neolithic (4000 BCE) rescue before Alqueva 2004 · Alentejo Xarez phase
Xarez 51 square relocated before Alqueva flood 2004.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Temple complex
Hayravank Monastery — Sevan Western Shore Fortress Cliff
Early medieval (9th–12th c. Hayravank, chapel 8th c.) · Early Armenian small church 9th–12th
Hayravank 9th c. small church with cyclopean fort.
🇵🇪 Peru · Fortress
Paramonga — Fortaleza de Paramonga Stair-Pyramid Border Fort
Chimú (1100–1470 CE border fortress 30 m high pyramidal fortress) later Inca 1470 reused · Chimú border fort vs Chancay/Inca; Inca reused as border 1470
Paramonga fort excavated by Cieza and Middendorf.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Temple complex
Haghartsin Monastery — Dilijan Forest Three Churches Enclosed
Bagratid-Zakarian (10th c. St Gregory 10th; 1184 Surb Astvatsatsin 1248 with gavit) · Bagratid → Zakarian (10th–13th c.) Armenian
Haghartsin forest 10th–13th excavated 1990–2010.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Temple complex
Havuts Tar Monastery — Dual Hill Forest Refuge
Early Medieval to late Medieval (10th–13th c.; main St Amenaprkich 1013, Surb Karapet 13th) · Bagratid-Zakarian 1013–13th forest monastery
Havuts Tar 1013 burnt 2017 Khosrov fire damaged.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Temple complex
Aghjots Vank — Garni Gorge Wilderness Isolated Dome
Medieval (13th c. Aghjots Surb Stepanos 13th c., Zakarian era) · Zakarian 13th c. small wilderness monastery
Aghjots isolated excavated by Khosrov reserve.
🇵🇹 Portugal · Megalith
Sintra — Anta do Adrenunes Coastal Table Dolmen Sintra Massif
Neolithic (3500 BCE) Sintra coastal group · Lisbon Neolithic Adrenunes
Adrenunes table hill with Praia view Atlantic.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Temple complex
Sanahin Monastery — Lori Bridge Sister
Bagratid (966 Surb Astvatsatsin 928–944 Blessing; 1063 library; 1181 gavit Kariannik) · Armenian Bagratid (Kurikyan Lori kingdom)
Sanahin UNESCO 1996 sister to Haghpat.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Ombos South Pyramid — Elephantine Provincial Step Pyramid
3rd Dynasty Huni provincial (c. 2670 BCE) · Old Kingdom 3rd Dynasty Huni
Ombos provincial surveyed by Kaiser.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Temple complex
Makenyats Vank — Sevan Southeast Shore Basilica
Early medieval Bagratid (9th c. main 851? Surb Astvatsatsin 9th) · Bagratid Siunik princes 9th c.
Makenyats 9th c. excavated.
🇵🇹 Portugal · Megalith
Zambujeiro Stone Row — Alentejo Menhir Field Quinta do Anjo
Neolithic (4500–3000 BCE) Lusit-Protugal menhir row · Setúbal Neolithic Quinta alignment
Quinta do Anjo row.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Augila (Awjila / Aujila Oasis) – Herodotean Palmgrove
Garamantian / Roman · Libyan / Roman
Date-forest island famed since Herodotus for Ammonite pilgrim routes Siwa→Augila→Garama. Garamantian–Greco–Roman caravanserai with foggara traces and late-antique church; mudbrick town overlies souq.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Megalith
Kit's Coty House (Kent, England)
Early Neolithic · Medway Megaliths
Kit's Coty House in Kent, England, United Kingdom is a Early Neolithic megalithic attributed to Medway Megaliths culture. Megalithic construction with sarsen; evidence of ceremonial and funerary use.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Kuelap
Chachapoya (Middle Horizon to Inca) · Chachapoya
Immense walled city on Andean ridge (500–1570 CE) of Chachapoya 'Warriors of the Clouds' with limestone dry-stone walls 19 m high, 3 entries tapering to 1 person, circular houses with zigzag friezes.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Pyramid
Pyramid of the Sun
Classic Teotihuacan (100–550 CE) · Teotihuacan
Giant stepped truncated pyramid in Teotihuacan, largest Mesoamerican structure before Spanish, built over cave-tunnel. Avenue of the Dead aligned 15.5° east of north. Faced with tezontle and plaster.
🇵🇹 Portugal · Megalith
Almendres Cromlech
Early to Late Neolithic · Alentejo Megalithic
Largest megalithic complex in Iberia and among oldest in Europe: 95 granite menhirs/stones in double oval (E-W aligned), decorated with cup-marks and croziers, set in cork-oak forest near Almendres.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Antinoöpolis (El Sheikh Ibada / Antinoë) – Hadrian's City
Roman · Roman / Egyptian / Greek
Instant Græco-Roman show-city founded by Hadrian Oct 130 CE for drowned Antinous. Hippodamian grid, tetrastyle gates, 3 km colonnaded cardo, circus and temple to Osiris-Antinous. Greek boule papyri.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Buried city
Earthwork Enclosure Buried 84 — Turkey Region 12
Period Classical · Regional culture Buried-Variant
Earthwork Enclosure Buried 84 — Turkey Region 12 in Turkey Region 12, Turkey is a Bronze Age buried-city with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇬🇷 Greece · Temple complex
Earthwork Enclosure Europe 89 — Greece Region 5
Period Iron Age · Regional culture Europe-Temple
Earthwork Enclosure Europe 89 — Greece Region 5 in Greece Region 5, Greece is a Neolithic temple-complex with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇧🇫 Burkina Faso · Ancient village
Kirikongo (Mouhoun Bend) – Iron Age Mounds
Iron Age · Bwa / Mouhoun
Tell cluster of 13 mounds (100 BCE–1600 CE) showing egalitarian agrarian villages resisting hierarchy. Iron smelting, shea, cattle, beaded ceramics; ancestor compound mound model vs state-formation.
🇧🇿 Belize · Ancient city
Lubaantun
Late Classic Maya · Maya
Lubaantun in Toledo District, Belize is a Late Classic Maya ancient city attributed to Maya culture. Settlement complex with stratified occupation, demonstrating urban planning and craft production.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient village
Akoris (Tihna el-Gabal) – Rock-cut Tombs & Mines
Old Kingdom to Roman · Egyptian
Cliff sanctuary with rock-cut Hathor/Nemesis chapel, pink limestone quarries supplying Amarna, and 12th Dyn rock-tombs of nomarch Wahka with nautical graffiti. Miners' camp and Roman road station.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Diana Veteranorum (Aïn Zana / Zana)
Roman / Byzantine · Roman
Trajanic veteran settlement of Legio III Augusta (100–117 CE) with perfect grid, forum, arch, macellum and aqueduct feeding nymphaeum. Named for Diana whose forests ringed town, oil-press economy.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Hattusa
Hittite Empire (Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze) · Hittite
Capital of Hittite Empire (1600–1180 BCE) with double walls 8 km, Lion Gate, Sphinx Gate, Great Temple and rock sanctuary Yazılıkaya with 90+ reliefs of gods. Archives of 30,000 cuneiform tablets.