🇺🇸 United States · Mound
Lilbourn Site
Late Mississippian (Lilbourn phase) · Mississippian (Bootheel)
Bastioned Late Mississippian town (1100–1350 CE) near New Madrid — 6-m mound with 3-ha palisaded village.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Fortress
Medinet Habu — Migdol Gate Ancillary Bastion (Thebes)
Iron Age to Classical (700 BCE–300 CE) · Iron Age fortified culture
Medinet Habu — Migdol Gate Ancillary Bastion (Thebes) in Luxor, Medinet Habu, Egypt is a Iron Age to Classical (700 BCE–300 CE) fortress attributed to Iron…
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Submerged site
Ruspina – Caesarian Harbour of Monastir
Punic to Late Antique (6th c. BCE – 6th c. CE) · Punic / Caesarian Roman
Caesar's 46 BCE supply port opposite Thapsus — Punic mole slabs now under Monastir fishing lagoon at –1 to –2 m.
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Ancient city
Togolok-21 Temple-Fortress
Gonur / Togolok phase BMAC 2300–1700 BCE · Bactria–Margiana (Oxus) civilization
BMAC (Bactria–Margiana) monumental temple-fortress (c.2300–1700 BCE) on Murghab alluvium, satellite of Gonur Tepe, built of mud-brick with central fortified court 30×40 m, fire temple, part of Viktor…
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hillfort
Eildon Hill North — Ancillary Rampart Enclosure
Early Iron Age (800–400 BCE) · Hallstatt / Early Iron Age
Eildon Hill North — Ancillary Rampart Enclosure in Scotland, Scottish Borders, Melrose, United Kingdom is a Early Iron Age (800–400 BCE) hillfort attribute…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Heraclea Pontica – Megarian Mole of Karadeniz Ereğli
Archaic Greek to Byzantine (560 BCE – 1453 CE) · Megarian Greek / Heraclean tyranny / Mithridatic
560 BCE Megarian tyrant harbour — 220 m ashlar mole now –1 to –4 m under Ereğli coal pier off Acheron cave.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Old Oyo (Oyo-Ile)
Yoruba Oyo Empire (14th–1835 CE; capital 16th–1835) · Yoruba (Oyo)
Old Oyo (Oyo-Ile, Katunga) is the 16th–19th c. capital of Oyo Empire, 10 km triple earthen walls enclosing 6,000 ha savanna plain with 17 palace compounds (Kobi), council houses and reservoirs.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Tell Ahmar — Til Barsip Neo-Assyrian Extension
Ubaid to Hellenistic (3500 BCE–200 BCE; peak Neo-Assyrian 856–610 BCE) · EBA → Mitanni → Syro-Hittite → Aramean Bit-Adini → Neo-Assyrian
Kar-Shalmaneser lower town 856 BCE — Aramean to Assyrian glazed palace.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Tell Hamoukar — Early Urban Center South Extension
Late Chalcolithic–Uruk (4500–3000 BCE) pre-Uruk urbanism · Local North Syrian (Hamoukar culture)
Tell Hamoukar — Early Urban Center South Extension in Al-Hasakah Governorate, Syria is a Late Chalcolithic–Uruk (4500–3000 BCE) pre-Uruk urbanism ancient-city attributed to Local North Syrian…
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Alto Ramírez Pampa El Muerto Geoglyphs (El Muerto Plain)
Late Archaic–Formative (1000 BCE–500 CE) · Alto Ramírez
Flat pampa surface (1,350 m) 8 km east of classic km 60 Alto Ramírez slope, with extensive pavement (gobi texture).
🇮🇷 Iran · Fortress
Bampur — Citadel North Bastion (Sistan)
Iron Age to Classical (700 BCE–300 CE) · Iron Age fortified culture
Bampur — Citadel North Bastion (Sistan) in Sistan and Baluchestan, Iranshahr, Bampur, Iran is a Iron Age to Classical (700 BCE–300 CE) fortress attributed …
🇯🇵 Japan · Ancient village
Kitakogane Site
Early to Late Jomon 6000–1000 BCE · Early–Late Jomon (Date, Uchiura Bay)
Early to Late Jomon marine midden and ritual site (c.6000–1000 BCE) at Date, Hokkaido — 14.4 ha plateau site with massive shell mound (oyster, Scallop 3 m thick, 2500 m³), 70+ pit dwellings, lacquer…
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Ancient city
Sarepta (Sarafand)
Bronze – Crusader (peak Phoenician 1200–333 BCE) · Phoenician (Canaanite)
Only excavated Phoenician heartland city (2000 BCE–333 BCE) — pottery, glass and Tanit shrine.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Shuruppak
Jemdet Nasr to Early Dynastic / Ur III abandonment · Early Dynastic Sumerian
Early Dynastic city-state (c.3000–2300 BCE) famed as home of Utnapishtim/Ziusudra, survivor of the Flood in Gilgamesh and Sumerian Flood story ('Instructions of Shuruppak' wisdom text).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Tell Kurdu (Amuq)
Halaf through EBA; Ubaid peak · Amuq Halaf → Ubaid → Amuq F (L. Chalcolithic–EBA)
Halaf-Ubaid tell (15 ha oval) defining Late Chalcolithic Ubaid north expansion, with tripartite kiln houses and channel-painted ceramics.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Vitcos-Rosaspata
Late Horizon Inca Resistance 1536–1572 · Inca (Neo-Inca State)
Inca Vilcabamba resistance capital: Rosaspata palace, Yurak Rumi 2.5 m white shrine and Ñusta Hispana.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Eridu
Ubaid to Neo-Babylonian · Ubaid → Sumerian → Babylonian
Sumerian sacred city traditionally first city in the world (Sumerian King List), center of god Enki/Ea cult (Abzu).
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Hopeton Earthworks
Middle Woodland Hopewell 100 BCE–500 CE · Hopewell tradition
Hopewell 22 ha circle-square with 321 m Great Circle, UNESCO 2023 unit-of-measure type-site.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Hopeton Earthworks — East Wall Gateway
Neolithic to Mississippian (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Neolithic / Woodland; Hopewell
Hopeton Earthworks — East Wall Gateway in Ohio, Ross County, Hopeton, United States is a Neolithic to Mississippian (3000 BCE–1400 CE) earthwork attributed…
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Cave
Jeita Cave
Middle Palaeolithic to present (c.80,000 BP–modern) · Mousterian → Aurignacian → Holocene
Keserwan 9 km karst system (Mousterian–Aurignacian, 5 m speleothems) on Nahr al-Kalb gorge.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Serabit el-Khadim — Turquoise Mines and Hathor Temple
Old Kingdom to New Kingdom (2600–1100 BCE) · Egyptian Sinai expedition / Semitic workers
Serabit el-Khadim is the Middle–New Kingdom turquoise mine and Hathor Temple 2600 BCE–1100 BCE on Sinai plateau 850 m, 45 km E of Suez Gulf.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Pyramid
Tikal Temple VI (Temple of the Inscriptions)
Late Classic (Tepeu 2) · Maya (Tikal dynasty)
Tikal Temple VI — 12 m pyramid with 12 m roof comb bearing 180-glyph history text of Tikal 766 CE, SE causeway terminus.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient village
Attirampakkam — Acheulean Quarry
Acheulean to Middle Palaeolithic (385k–172k BP) · Acheulean
Attirampakkam — Acheulean Quarry in Tamil Nadu, Kortallaiyar valley, India is a Acheulean to Middle Palaeolithic (385k–172k BP) ancient village attributed to Acheulean culture.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient village
Basta
LPPNB (Late PPNB) · Levantine LPPNB
Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B village (7500–6800 BCE, up to 10 ha), one of the largest and highest-altitude Neolithic settlements, controlling the Petra limestone plateau.