🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Madauros (Mdaourouch)
Numidian to Byzantine (5th c BCE-11th c CE; peak 2nd-4th c CE) · Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
Plateau colony Madauros.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Meroe North Cemetery Pyramid Field — Begarawiya
Meroitic, c.300 BCE–350 CE (Meroitic Kushite) · Kushite / Meroitic
Meroe North Cemetery at Begarawiya ridge north of Meroe city: 44 steep-sided Meroitic pyramids 8-15 m base, 10-20 m high, with pylon chapels, stelae and offering tables.
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Mozu Kofun Cluster (Mozu-Furuichi)
Middle–Late Kofun 350–600 CE (Yamato mature) · Yamato Mozu–Furuichi Kofun tradition
Mozu Kofun Cluster — dense kofun cemetery (49 kofun inscribed, 160,000+ total in Japan, 4th–6th c CE) across Mozu and Furuichi plains 10 km south Osaka, excavated 1970s–2019 Shiraishi et al.
🇯🇵 Japan · Ancient village
Nabatake (Saga)
Jomon Final 1000 BCE → Yayoi Incipient 930–600 BCE → Yayoi Early 600 BCE–100 CE · Jomon–Yayoi rice transition (Saga plain)
Japan's earliest rice contender (930–600 BCE) at Nabatake Karatsu — paddy bunds 2×1.5 m with incipient rice and ard-marks vs Itatsuke debate.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Pyramid
Nippur Ekur Ziggurat — Nuffar
Sumerian Ur III to Kassite (2112–1200 BCE) · Sumerian (Ur III, Isin-Larsa, Kassite)
Nippur Ekur Ziggurat — Nuffar in Qadisiyah Governorate, Afak District (ancient Nippur, T. Nuffar), Iraq is a Sumerian Ur III to Kassite (2112–1200 BCE) pyramid/mound site attributed to Sumerian (Ur…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Soleb Temple & Pyramid Field (Amenhotep III)
New Kingdom (18th Dynasty) to Napatan · Egyptian / Kushite
Greatest Nubian temple of Amenhotep III c.1400 BCE at Soleb with 30 small Napatan pyramids and ram avenue south of 3rd Cataract.
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Teraji
Kofun Middle–Late 400–600 CE (Kibi culture) · Kofun Kibi (Seto Inland-Kibi chiefdom)
Kibi keyhole tumulus (400–600 CE) at Teraji near Soja — 65 m yokoana corridor with Sue ware and Gaya bronze horse gear.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Wadi al-Qattafi Central Mesa Interfluve Kites (Mesas M-7–M-9 Interfluve)
PPNB–Late Neolithic (7000–5500 BCE) · Black Desert hunters
Interfluve plateau between north and south arms of Wadi al-Qattafi 5 km north of Qa' al-Qattafi playa (680 m).
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Bottle Creek Indian Mounds
Mississippian Pensacola phase (1250–1550 CE) · Mississippian (Pensacola culture)
Pensacola-Mississippian island capital (1250–1550 CE) on low swamp island (0.4 sq km) in Mobile-Tensaw Delta: 18 platform and burial mounds (largest Mound A 11 m high 90×60 m) enclosing 5 plazas on…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Buto (Tell el-Fara'ein)
Predynastic (Buto-Maadi) to Dynastic to Greco-Roman · Lower Egyptian (Buto-Maadi) → Unified Egyptian
Dual city Pe and Dep — cult centre of cobra goddess Wadjet (tutelar of Lower Egypt) and predynastic–archaic capital that gives 'Buto-Maadi' culture (c.4000–3400 BCE, Palestine-like beveled rims,…
🇪🇸 Spain · Megalith
Cueva de Menga (Dolmen de Menga)
Early to Middle Neolithic · Andalusian Early Neolithic (Antequera megalithic)
Antequera's 27.5 m gallery grave — 180-tonne capstones, 32 orthostats and well shaft, aligned to Peña de los Enamorados.
🇨🇳 China · Ancient city
Erligang (Zhengzhou Shang City)
Early Shang Erligang 1600–1400 BCE (Xia→Shang transition) · Early Shang (Erligang culture, Zhengzhou phase)
Erligang (Zhengzhou Shang City) — Early Shang walled capital (c.1600–1400 BCE, Erligang culture) under modern Zhengzhou old city, excavated 1950s–80s An Jinhuai and Zou Heng (Henan Institute).
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Gran Vilaya – Chachapoya Citadel Network
Late Intermediate Period – Late Horizon (800–1536 CE, Chachapoya → Inca 1470) · Chachapoya (Luya) → Inca (mitma occupation)
Vast Chachapoya hilltop conurbation (800–1470 CE, Inca conquest 1470) 7 km north of Kuelap, comprising 30+ registered citadels on 15 km2 ridge: massive circular stone houses 10 m diameter with…
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Grand Village of the Natchez Indians
Plaquemine–historic Natchez (1200–1730 CE, observed 1682–1729) · Natchez (Plaquemine descendant – Muskogean)
Historic Natchez capital (1682–1729) directly observed by French colonists (Iberville, Le Page du Pratz), linking archaeology to eyewitness chiefdom: two platform mounds—Great Sun's Mound A (3.5 m,…
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Kampir Tepe
Hellenistic 330–145 BCE → Yuezhi–Kushan 145 BCE–350 CE → Sasanians 350–500 CE · Greco-Bactrian → Kushan–Sogdian (Oxus trade)
Oxus port fortress (330 BCE–500 CE) at Kampir hill 30 km west Termez — Hellenistic gate, Kushan quay and Alexander port contender.
🇯🇵 Japan · Ancient village
Mawaki
Jomon Early 5000 BCE → Middle 3000–2000 BCE → Late 2000–1000 BCE · Jomon (Noto Sea of Japan coastal, Hokuriku)
Mid-Jomon bayhead village (4000–1200 BCE) at Mawaki Noto — 30 m wooden post circle and 6 m pit-house row with dolphin harpoon.
🇺🇸 United States · Tell
Pueblo Grande Phoenix Canal Mound South
Pre-Classic to Classic Hohokam (800–1450 CE) · Hohokam Pre-Classic (Colonial–Sedentary) → Classic (Soho–Civano)
Pueblo Grande Phoenix Canal Mound South is the canal headgate mound south of Pueblo Grande platform — headquarters of the Phoenix Hohokam canal system (Canal Grande) that irrigated 1000 ha on the…
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Río Bec
Late Classic (Río Bec style florescence) · Maya (Río Bec)
Type site for Río Bec architectural phenomenon (c.550–900 CE) — most dispersed large Classic Maya city 50 km², 6 km² core with 6+ plaza groups (A–F, Central Group Structure V-N 13...
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Pyramid
San Bartolo — Las Pinturas Pyramid and Temple of the Murals (Petén, Guatemala)
Preclassic (1000 BCE–250 CE), Late Preclassic 400–100 BCE · Maya (Lowland Preclassic)
Revolutionary Preclassic centre (400 BCE–200 CE) with 7-m-tall Late Preclassic murals — earliest Maya polychrome mythology preserved inside 10 m-high Las Pinturas pyramid (90x60 m base) beneath later…
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Takamatsuzuka Tomb
Late Asuka (Fujiwara) 694–710 CE · Asuka–Nara court (Tang-influenced)
23 m Asuka bijin mound (694–710 CE, 1972) — court women fresco, four beasts, sun–moon (National Treasure).
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Takamatsuzuka Tumulus Nara
Kofun Late Asuka 7th–8th c CE · Asuka court elite — naturalistic procession mural
Takamatsuzuka Tumulus Nara — 7th–8th c CE decorated kofun (stone chamber 2.65×1.0×1.13 m) on Asuka hill 500 m north Kitora, famous 1972 National Treasure discovery of Asuka court murals: west wall…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Tell Tayinat (Kunulua)
EBA through Iron III; Iron Age capital phase · Amuq EBA → Syro-Hittite Luwian-Aramaean Pattin → Assyrian Kinalua
Neo-Hittite capital of Pattin (20 ha double city) on Orontes — Bit-Hilani palaces, colossal Syro-Hittite sculpture and Luwian inscriptions, now cotton-buried lower town.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Toricos — Toretae Harbour South of Gorgippia (Anapa Cape)
Archaic to Hellenistic (c.600–100 BCE) · Sindian / Toretae with Greek imports
Toretae promontory harbour on Anapa south cape — small ashlar fort and submerged cove 1–3 m, Sindic coast chain between Bata and Gorgippia.
🇨🇳 China · Rock art
Yinshan West Wulashan Rock Art
Bronze Age to Early Medieval · Ordos, Xiongnu, Xianbei, Turkic (Yinshan frontier)
West mesa of Wulashan with naturalistic tiger and chariot rut petroglyphs.