🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Cerro Unita Giant
Late Intermediate Pica-Tarapaca 900-1450 CE · Tarapaca caravan and Pica oasis
86-m Atacama anthropomorphic giant (900-1450 CE) on Cerro Unita, largest prehistoric figure in Americas.
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Tagscaravan
25 places carry this tag, across every kind and continent it appears in.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Formative to Late Intermediate (Alto Ramírez–Tarapacá) · Atacameño / Tarapacá caravan tradition
Southernmost caravan geoglyph cluster at Salar del Sur (23°S): 31+ cleared camelid and avenue figures on salt-crust pampa.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Late Intermediate Pica-Tarapaca 900-1450 CE · Tarapaca caravan and Pica oasis
86-m Atacama anthropomorphic giant (900-1450 CE) on Cerro Unita, largest prehistoric figure in Americas.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Middle Horizon to Late Intermediate (Cabuza–Maitas 650–1200 CE) · Lluta Cabuza–Maitas–San Miguel valley traders
31 eastern pampa figures on Gallinazo plain 2.2 km east of Alto Ramírez: rhomb anthropomorphs plus 140 m solstice corridor.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Late Intermediate Pica-Charcollo · Pica-Charcollo and Atacameno traders
80+ horizontal salt-flat geoglyphs (1000-1350 CE) on Salar de Llamara halite crust, caravan staging road.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Late Intermediate (Cabza) · Lluta–Azapa agriculturalists
Mid-Lluta terrace geoglyphs between Poconchile and Molinos: 27 figures on fluvial benches below Alto Ramírez.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Formative to Middle Horizon (Alto Ramírez to Cabuza-Tiwanaku) · Alto Ramírez / Cabuza / Tiwanaku valley interface
50+ Alto Ramírez–Cabuza hillside figures (800 BCE–1000 CE) in Lluta Valley Precordillera.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Formative to Late Intermediate (Tarapacá 400 BCE–1400 CE) · Tarapacá caravan (Alto Ramírez–Pica)
East-ridge geoglyphs 1.8 km east of Salar de Huasco: 22 ignimbrite figures including caravan llamas and solstice avenue at 3,835 m.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Late Archaic to Formative (Late Archaic–Alto Ramírez–Tarapacá) · Tarapacá caravan / Alto Ramírez
30+ altiplano caravan geoglyphs (1000 BCE–600 CE) at 3,800 m around Salar de Huasco, Tarapacá.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Late Intermediate Tarapaca phase · Tarapaca and Arica caravan cultures
120+ Huara pampa geoglyphs (800-1400 CE) featuring unique 5-m footprint effigies on salar silt.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Late Archaic to Formative (Tarapacá) · Alta Ramírez–Tarapacá caravan
South-fan geoglyphs at Salar de Huasco: 18 camelid/avenue figures on altiplano pavement at 3,815 m.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Archaic to Formative (Tulán–Puripica) · Atacama caravan (Tulán, Puripica, early Atacameño)
20 high-salar ignimbrite geoglyphs (1200 BCE–1000 CE) at 4,316 m above Salar de Tara cathedrals.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Rock art
Neolithic to Islamic (Thamudic–Nabataean–Islamic) · Neolithic pastoralists, Thamudic tribes, Nabataean caravan masters, early Arabs
Wadi Rum desert cliffs with 25,000 petroglyphs and Thamudic texts, UNESCO landscape.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient village
Almoravid to modern (11th c–20th c; present fabric 17th–19th c) · Berber (Haratine) / Almoravid / Saadi
Fortified earthen ksar on Trans-Saharan caravan road with pisé towers, agadir granary and geometric clay façades.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Late Intermediate (Arica / Tarapacá) · Tarapacá / Arica caravan tradition
Westernmost Tarapacá geoglyph cluster on the southern flank of Quebrada Tiliviche (1,070 m), 2 km west of the Pan-American bridge. Camiña commune.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Rock art
Early Bronze to Early Islamic · Andronovo, Bactrian, Sogdian, Turkic, Samanid
Upper bench 80 m above gorge floor with caravan and Kufic mosque petroglyphs.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Late Intermediate San Miguel-Gentilar · Tarapaca-Arica-Altiplano caravan continuum
70+ Chiza quebrada geoglyphs (800-1300 CE) with 25-m marine fish 90 km inland, encoding coast-mountain ideology.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Early Holocene to Late Antiquity · Saharan Epipalaeolithic, Old Kingdom expeditions, Ptolemaic and Coptic oasis settlers
Kharga Oasis scarp petroglyphs from Holocene wet-phase savanna to Coptic, on caravan route.
🇲🇷 Mauritania · Submerged site
Ghana to Almoravid (c. 500–1200 CE) · Soninke Ghana / Almoravid / Wagadu
Ghana Empire caravan harbour 300×200 m dune-sealed at Kumbi Saleh – moated stone town 15 ha.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Late Formative to Late Intermediate (700–1500 CE) · Atacameño, Tarapacá and Altiplano caravan cultures
400 Atacama caravan geoglyphs (700–1500 CE) etched in desert varnish above the Tamarugal pampa.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Islamic Fezzan (8th–15th c. CE; peak 10th–13th c.) · Garamantian / Islamic (Ibadi-Berber)
Zawila (Zuwayla) in Fezzan is a medieval Garamantian–Islamic oasis city, 8th–15th c. capital after Germa (Garama) decline.
🇲🇷 Mauritania · Ancient city
Medieval to Early Modern (12th–19th c) · Berber (Sanhaja) / Arab / Almoravid
Almoravid twin-ksar 12th c on Adrar scarp with 13-m minaret and caravan cisterns 300 m.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Late Intermediate 900–1450 CE · Atacameño / Pica-Tarapacá culture influenced by Tiwanaku
World's largest anthropomorphic geoglyph: 119-m hill figure marking caravan trails.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Garamantian to Islamic (5th c. BCE–present) · Garamantian / Berber / Islamic
Herodotean palm grove oasis with foggaras and ksour granaries (200 chambers).
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Garamantian-Roman (1st c. BCE–5th c. CE) · Garamantian / Roman
Syrtis caravan bir station with Garamantian qanat interface.
