🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient village
Tongo Maaré Diabal
Iron Age to Medieval (350 BCE–1150 CE) · Soninke / Ghana sphere (Mema)
12-ha isolated 11-m tell 350 BCE–1150 CE in Mema with 2.5-m wall and copper jewellery horizon.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Temple complex
Deir el-Bahari
Middle to New Kingdom (2055–1435 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian
Theban cliff triple terraces: Mentuhotep 2055 BCE and Hatshepsut Djeser-Djeseru with Punt reliefs.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Hierakonpolis (Nekhen)
Predynastic to Old Kingdom (Naqada I–III to 2686 BCE; peak Naqada III) · Egyptian (Predynastic Naqada II–III / Early Dynastic)
Predynastic megacity 3500 BCE 5 ha yielding Narmer Palette, earliest 12 m mudbrick fort, HK6 elephant burial and painted Tomb 100.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Sijilmassa
Early Islamic to Medieval (757–1393 CE; peak 10th–14th c CE) · Berber Miknasa / Islamic / Maliki
Gold-mint entrepôt Sijilmassa on Trans-Saharan Ghana road south of Rissani.
🇿🇲 Zambia · Rock art
Kalambo Falls
Lower Paleolithic to Iron Age (Acheulean to Iron) · Acheulean → Sangoan/Lupemban → Magosian → Iron Age
221-m Kalambo waterfall with 476,000-year-old notched-log structure — earliest wood building.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Mactaris (Makthar)
Numidian to Byzantine (8th c BCE-10th c CE; peak 2nd-3rd c CE) · Numidian / Punic / Roman / Byzantine
Highland city with dolmens and schola.
🇹🇿 Tanzania · Ancient village
Mumba Cave
Middle Stone Age to Later Stone Age to Pastoral Neolithic · MSA → LSA foragers → Pastoral Neolithic
130-ka Eyasi rockshelter Mumba with 18 burials and Still Bay to LSA microlith transition.
🇰🇪 Kenya · Ancient village
Lothagam
Neolithic to Pastoral Iron Age (3500 BCE–700 CE) · Nderit fisher/foragers → Early Pastoral Elmenteitan
Turkana megalithic cairn cemetery Lothagam — 3.5 ka pastoral monumental graves west of lake.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Submerged site
Neapolis (Nabeul)
Punic to Byzantine (5th c BCE–7th c CE; garum peak 1st–3rd c) · Punic / Roman / Byzantine
20-ha partly submerged garum metropolis with 80 cetariae and tsunami-drowned waterfront since 365 CE.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Thamusida (Sidi Ali ben Ahmed)
Phoenician to Islamic (6th c BCE–8th c CE; peak 1st–3rd c CE) · Phoenician / Mauri / Roman
River limes fort Thamusida with Praetorium frescoes and cohors II Syrorum camp.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Akchakhan-Kala (Kazakly-Yatkan)
Kangju–Kushan Khorezmian 200 BCE–200 CE · Khorezmian (Chorasmian) Zoroastrian
Khorezmian ceremonial city (c.2 c. BCE–2 c. CE) at Kazakly-Yatkan near Beruni — 10 ha double-walled town with ceremonial palace complex (Columned Hall 30×30 m with 20 columns), fire temple, and…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Deir el-Bersha
Early Dynastic to Late Period (2950–650 BCE; decorated peak Middle Kingdom) · Ancient Egyptian / Coptic
Hare nome necropolis with Djehutihotep colossus sledge 172 men and earliest Book of Two Ways coffins.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Al-Jawf Qanat and Socavón System (Dumat al-Jandal)
Iron Age to Early Islamic (Assyrian to Islamic) · North Arabian oasis / Assyrian sphere
Al-Jawf depression (580 m, 29°51′N 40°00′E central Sirhan) qanat field tapping western Widyan tributaries (900-1100 m) and basalt plateau 800-900 m to supply Dumat al-Jandal (ancient Adummatu) at…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Temple complex
Dendera Temple of Hathor
Late Ptolemaic to Roman (54 BCE–117 CE; zodiac 50 BCE) · Ptolemaic Egyptian / Roman
Best-preserved Hathor temple with 24 sistrum columns, crypt 'Dendera light' reliefs and zodiac ceiling (54 BCE).
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Bulla Regia
Numidian to Late Roman (6th c BCE–5th c CE; villas 2nd–4th c) · Numidian / Carthaginian / Roman
Unique Numidian–Roman town with two-storey subterranean villas and intact hunt mosaics preserved by burial.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Cyrene
Archaic Greek to Byzantine (631 BCE–643 CE) · Greek / Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine
100-ha Theran Greek metropolis with Apollo and Zeus sanctuaries, agora and 1000+ sarcophagus tombs.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Beni Hasan
Old to Middle Kingdom (2350–1750 BCE; painted peak Twelfth Dynasty) · Ancient Egyptian
39 nomarch cliff tombs 2100–1750 BCE with Asiatic caravan 37 and wrestling 219 pairs proto-Doric.
🇳🇦 Namibia · Rock art
Brandberg (White Lady Rock Art)
Later Stone Age to Recent (130 ka occupation; paintings 2000 BCE–1000 CE) · San hunter-gatherers (Damara area ancestors)
2,573 m inselberg with >1,000 rock shelters, including Maack 'White Lady' 2,000 BCE shaman panel and 45,000 individual paintings.
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock art
Takarkori Rock Shelter
Early Holocene to Mid-Holocene (10,000–3000 BCE) · African Humid Period Pastoral (Early/Middle Holocene)
80-m acacus shelter with 7000 BCE feather-cape mummies and earliest African dairy 8200 BP lipids.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Sehel Island
Predynastic to Roman (3200 BCE–364 CE; peak New Kingdom and Ptolemaic) · Ancient Egyptian
Granite islet with ~600 cataract boulder inscriptions including Famine Stela 32 columns and predynastic boats.
🇬🇳 Guinea · Archaeological wonder
Kissi Stone Figures (Pomdo / Pompdo)
Late Iron to Protohistoric (600–1500 CE) · Proto-Kissi / Sapi
Soapstone 10–40 cm janiform ancestral figures 600–1500 CE in forest-zone rice shrines (200+ recorded).
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Zama Regia
Numidian to Late Antique (4th c BCE-7th c CE; peak 2nd c BCE-3rd c CE) · Numidian / Roman
Royal city Zama Regia.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Tuna el-Gebel
Late Period to Ptolemaic–Roman (600 BCE–200 CE) · Ancient Egyptian / Greco-Egyptian
Hermopolis ibis catacombs 1 km galleries, Petosiris tomb 300 BCE and Isadora shrine marking Amarna boundary.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Archaeological wonder
Omo Kibish Formation (Omo I & II)
Middle Pleistocene to Late Pleistocene (200–100 ka; Homo sapiens earliest 195 ka) · Homo sapiens (early anatomically modern)
Formation yielding earliest Homo sapiens Omo I skull re-dated 195 ka (now 230 ka debate?) and fauna in Kibish Member I tuff.