🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Akoris — Northern Quarry Valley Harbour at Tihna North
Ptolemaic to Coptic (300 BCE – 500 CE) · Graeco-Roman Egyptian
Northern quarry valley of Akoris — slipway and wadi canal buried 2–4 m for 3-ton block export north.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Güzelova Höyük (Karasu Valley Mound)
Neolithic through Middle Bronze (5800–1500 BCE) · Erzurum Neolithic → Chalcolithic Karasau → EBA Kura-Araxes (Karaz)
Güzelova Höyük (Karasu Valley Mound) is a multi-period tell/ancient village in Erzurum Province, Aşkale District, Karasu (Euphrates) valley, Turkey — Karasu/Euphrates headwater village documenting…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Harran Tell (Harran Plain)
Early Bronze Age through Ummayad Abbasid (c.3000 BCE–750 CE); EBA, MBA, Assyrian, Roman, Islamic · EBA → Assyrian Bit-Adini → Aramaean → Hellenistic-Roman Carrhae → Ummayad Islamic
Bibliographic Harran tell — EBA to Ummayad capital of moon-god Sin (Haran) under medieval beehive city (c.3000 BCE–750 CE).
🇷🇴 Romania · Tell
Vădastra Tell (Vădastra Type-Site Terrace)
Middle Neolithic through Eneolithic (Boian → Vădastra → Gumelnița) · Boian → Vădastra → Gumelnița
Vădastra Tell (Vădastra Type-Site Terrace) is a multi-period tell/ancient village in Olt County, Vădastra Commune, Danube terrace, Oltenia plain, Romania — Vădastra eponymous type-site — stratified…
🇲🇩 Moldova · Ancient city
Petreni
Chalcolithic Cucuteni-Trypillia BII (4000–3650 BCE) · Cucuteni-Trypillia (Moldovan BII, Petreni variant)
Petreni (Petreny) — Cucuteni-Trypillia BII mega-settlement (c.4000–3650 BCE, 30 ha, 500+ houses) on Cubolta terrace between Petreni and Sofia, Drochia District, northern Moldova.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Buried city
Coptos – Wadi Hammamat Desert Harbour Road, Qift
Predynastic to Medieval (4500 BCE – 1200 CE) · Egyptian / Ptolemaic / Roman / Eastern Desert
Nile gate to Red Sea — Min temple 300x150 m with Wadi Hammamat harbour 300x100 m for Myos Hormos elephant caravans.
🇷🇺 Russia · Buried city
Phanagoria Eastern Basin – Silted Harbour Lobe at Taman (Variant Bay)
Archaic to Medieval (540 BCE – 1000 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan / Sarmatian / Khazar
Bosporus capital 540 BCE — eastern harbour lobe 400x200 m silted +2 m 500 m inland with 80 m mole vs western −7 m.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell Rifa'at (Arpad / Arpad of Bit-Agusi)
Early Bronze through Iron Age (EBA, Mitanni, Aramaean Arpad, Neo-Assyrian) · EB → Hurrian → Aramaean Bit-Agusi → Assyrian
Tell Rifa'at (Arpad / Arpad of Bit-Agusi) is a multi-period tell/ancient village in Aleppo Governorate, az-Zahra plain, north of Aleppo, Syria — Aramaean Bit-Agusi kingdom capital — rival to Samʾal…
🇵🇪 Peru · Buried city
Vilcabamba — Espíritu Pampa Vitcos Valley Submerged Sector (Concepción)
Late Horizon Neo-Inca (1539 – 1572 CE) · Neo-Inca State (Manco, Sayri, Titu Cusi, Tupac Amaru)
Last Inca capital valley floor — Espíritu Pampa Vilcabamba lowland terraces and causeway 0.5–1 m under floodplain jungle below Vitcos ridge.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Tell
Las Ventanas
Classic to Epiclassic Chalchihuites (c.300–900 CE); Classic Suchil 300–500 CE, Alta Vista phase 600–800 CE · Chalchihuites (Suchil–Canutillo–Alta Vista) frontier mining–agricultural with Sierra Madre turquoise
Chalchihuites cinnabar–turquoise mining village (c.300–900 CE) with pyramid and ore roasting pits supplying Pueblo Bonito turquoise.
🇷🇸 Serbia · Tell
Rudna Glava
Early Chalcolithic Vinča culture (c.5400–4500 BCE); Vinča A–D mining camps 5400–4650 BCE · Vinča (early Chalcolithic Danubian–Balkan copper pioneers)
Europe’s earliest copper mine (c.5400–4500 BCE) — 45 shafts with Vinča picks and firesetting on Danube gorge.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Tell
Tepeyahualco (Cantona zone)
Classic to Epiclassic (c.300–900 CE); Classic 300–600 CE, Epiclassic fortified 600–900 CE · Central Veracruz–Puebla highland (Cantona sphere) → Epiclassic Tepeyahualco–Totonac fringe
Cantona-linked lava-field fortress town (c.300–900 CE) with obsidian workshops on Malinche flank (García Cook).
🇦🇷 Argentina · Buried city
Pukará de Tastil — Quebrada del Toro–Rosario Extension (Salta)
Late Intermediate to Inca (c.1250 – 1430 CE) · Atacameno / Tastileño / Inca phase
Tastil's northern Quebrada del Toro–Rosario ridge extension — 400 m double wall, terraced fields and chullpa towers linking two valleys 3340 m.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Tayasal (Nojpetén) – Last Maya Kingdom
Postclassic to Contact (900–1697 CE, capital 1350–1697) · Maya Itzá (Yukatekan-Itza’)
Last independent Maya kingdom (Nojpetén) of the Itzá, final surrender to Spanish 1697 after 195 years resisting conquest: peninsula-town on Lake Petén Itzá's northern arm 300 m out, with causewayed…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Çadır Höyük (Sorgun)
Late Chalcolithic through Byzantine; EBA II-III, Hittite, Phrygian, Byzantine · Central Anatolian; Late Chalcolithic, EBA, Hittite Empire, Phrygia
Pleiades Bronze-Iron Age plateau tell (240×140 m) with Chalcolithic to Hittite-Phrygian stratigraphy on Kanak Su, Yozgat — type-site for plateau continuity.
🇧🇬 Bulgaria · Tell
Polyanitsa Platoto
Late Chalcolithic (c.4500–4200 BCE); KGK VI complex (Kodžadermen–Gumelniţa–Karanovo VI) · KGK VI Chalcolithic (Balkan Late Copper Age) Ludogorie facies
Ludogorie Chalcolithic fortified tell (c.4500–4200 BCE) with KGK VI burnt horizons and double ditch — Todorova.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Karkamış (Carchemish)
Early Bronze Age through Iron Age II (c.3000–717 BCE); Neolithic substratum · EBA–MBA Euphrates town → Hittite viceroyalty → Neo-Hittite Luwian-Aramaean
80 ha Euphrates tell — Hittite viceregal capital and Neo-Hittite sculpture city on Turkish-Syrian border (c.3000–717 BCE).
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Ancient city
Dobrovody
Chalcolithic Cucuteni-Trypillia B1–B2 (c.4100–3700 BCE) · Cucuteni-Trypillia (Western Trypillia, Tomashivka group)
Dobrovody (Dobrovodi) — Cucuteni-Trypillia BI mega-site (c.4100–3700 BCE, 150–250 ha, 700+ houses, up to 16,200 estimated inhabitants per 2014 research) west of Dobrovody village, Cherkasy, on loess…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Titriş Höyük
Early Bronze Age II–III through Middle Bronze (c.2600–2200 BCE peak; MBA sparse) · EBA Syro-Mesopotamian urban (Khabur-Euphrates city-state)
43 ha EBA orthogonal planned city (2600–2200 BCE) with 2.5 km wall and suburbs — largest Euphrates east-bank urban centre.
🇮🇱 Israel · Tell
Tel Beth Shean (Beisan)
Chalcolithic through Byzantine (c.5000 BCE–749 CE); EBA, MB–LB Canaanite/Egyptian, Iron I–II, Hellenistic-Roman-Byzantine · Chalcolithic–EBA Canaanite → New Kingdom Egyptian garrison → Israelite → Decapolis (Scythopolis)
Egyptian garrison tell (1450–1130 BCE) + EBA–Byzantine Beth Shean — 11 cities with Mekal temple and 749 CE earthquake debris (c.5000 BCE–749 CE).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Grike Havuz
PPNA–PPNB through Halaf (c.9500–7500 BCE; Halaf 6000–5500 BCE) · Taş Tepeler PPN (PPNA–PPNB forager-cultivators) and Halaf village
PPN hillside tell (c.9500–7500 BCE) with round houses and failed-precursor T-pillar — Taş Tepeler domestic village.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Tel Dafana (Daphnae) – Psamtik's Greek Frontier Fort at Pelusium
Late Period to Persian (664 – 525 BCE) · Saite Egyptian / East Greek mercenary Ionian–Carian
664 BCE Saite Greek mercenary fort at Pelusium gateway — casemate walls half in Pelusiac sebkha –1 to –3 m with Greek pottery.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Karanis (Kom Aushim)
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (3rd c BCE–5th c CE; peak 1st–3rd c CE) · Ptolemaic Egyptian / Roman
Ptolemaic–Roman grain city Karanis with 85 ha mudbrick and papyri archive.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Tell
Tell el-Maskhuta (Pithom)
MK through Roman; Saite-Persian peak · Middle Kingdom → Hyksos → Saite Necho II → Persian Achaemenid → Ptolemaic
Wadi Tumilat gateway tell — Middle Kingdom fort, Hyksos, Saite grain silos (600 m³) and Darius I canal station, biblical Pithom/Heroöpolis.